美国名人 音乐家 查理·帕克.docx

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1、美国名人音乐家查理帕克CharlieParker;1920-1955:HisMusicInfluencedJazzDuringhis1.ifetimeandEvenTodayplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:30repeatByVivianBournazian2009-5-2VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Today,wetellaboutoneofAmericasgreatestjazzmusicians,

2、CharlieParker.Heinfluencedthedirectionofjazzmusicduringhisshortlifetime.Hisinfluencecontinuestoday.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CharlieParkerCharlieParkerforeverchangedtheperformanceandwritingofjazzmusic.Hedevelopedanewstyleofjazzcalledbebop.Itwasdifferentfromthedanceorswingstylethatwaspopularforyears.Performers

3、ofbebopleftthetraditionalmusicalmelodyandplayedasongfreely,withthemusicandrhythmthatwasfeltatthetime.So,thesamesongcouldbeplayedinadifferentwayeachtimeitwasperformed.CharlieParkersaid:Musicisyourownexperience,yourthoughts,yourwisdom.Ifyoudontliveitzitwontcomeoutofyourhorn.,VOICETWO:CharlieParkerwasb

4、ornAugusttwenty-ninth,nineteentwenty,inthemiddlewesternstateofKansas.Hehadhisfirstmusiclessonsinthelocalpublicschools.Hismotherboughthimasaxophoneinnineteenthirty-three.Twoyearslater,hedecidedtoleaveschoolandbecomeaprofessionalmusician.Forthenextfouryears,heworkedmainlyinKansasCity,Missouri,wherejaz

5、zmusichadbecomepopular.Charliedevelopedasamusicianbyplayingwithdifferentgroupsinpubliceatinganddrinkingplacescallednightclubs.Healsolearnedbylisteningtoolderlocaljazzmusicians.Duringthistime,Charliedevelopedseriousproblemsthatweretoaffecthimtherestofhislife.Hebecamedependentonalcoholandtheillegaldru

6、g,heroin.VOICEONE:Onenightinnineteenthirty-six,theyoungmusiciandecidedtotakepartinajamsession.MusiciansfromalloverKansasCitywouldplayforfunduringtheseunplannedperformances.Thesejamsessionsoftenbecamemusicalbattles.Thebetter,thefaster,thestronger,themorecreativemusicianwouldwin.Charliebegantoplaythes

7、axophonethatnight.Heplayedwellforawhile.Buthethenbecamelostinthemusic.ThedrummerthrewdownhisinstrumentandbroughtCharlietoahalt.Charlielatersaid:Iwenthomeandcriedanddidntplayagainforthreemonths.Theincident,however,madeCharlieworkevenhardertoimprovehisplaying.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-nine,Charliewent

8、toNewYorkCity.Hestayedforalmostoneyear.Hewasabletogetafewpayingjobsplayingthesaxophone.Mostofhistime,though,wasspentplayinginunpaidjamsessions.Itwasduringthistimethathebegantodevelophisownstyleofjazz.Hesaidlaterthatthiswaswhenhemadeabigdiscovery.Hewasunhappyplayingsongsthesamewayallthetime.Hethought

9、therehadtobeanotherwaytoplay.Hesaid:Icouldhearitsometimes,butIcouldntplayit.HebeganworkingonthesongCherokee.Heusedthehighernotesofachordasamelodylineandmadeotherchanges.Henowcouldplaythethingshehadbeenhearing.ItwasinDecember,nineteenthirty-nine,thatCharlieParkermadethisdiscovery.Helatersaidthatwithi

10、t,hecamealive.HereheisplayingCherokee11:(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CharlieParkerandMilesDavisplayinNewYorkCityin1947CharlieParkersnamefirstappearedinthepressreportsaboutmusicinnineteenforty.Duringthenextfiveyears,hejoineddifferentbands.HeplayedwiththeEarlHinesorchestraandtheBillyEckstineorchestra.Healsoplayedw

11、ithotheryoungjazzmusicianswhohelpedmakethenewsoundknown.TrumpetplayersDizzyGillespieandMilesDavis,andpianistsTheloniusMonkandBudPowellweresomeofthem.Parkerwasconsideredthegreatestofthebebopjazzmusicians.Thissong,NowstheTime/isoneofhishitsduringthistime:(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Parkerscontinuingdrughabitwasaf

12、fectinghim.Heoftenwaslateforperformances.Orhemissedthem.Hehaddecidedhedidnotlikethemusicofthebigbands.Heapparentlydidnotfeelateaseplayingwithabigband,evenonethatfollowedhisownmusicalideas.Innineteenforty-five,hereturnedtoNewYorkCity.Hehadtheideaofstartingasmalljazzgroup.InNewYork,hejoinedDizzyGilles

13、pie.TheirworktogetherwasamongthegreatestinAmericanmusichistory.Theyenjoyedthesupportofyoungermusicians.Yet,theyhadtofightthecriticismofthoseopposedtoanynewdevelopmentinjazz.Thatyear,CharlieParkerandDizzyGillespietookthenewjazzsoundtoCalifornia.Charliecontinuedtorecordandperformin1.osAngeles,evenafte

14、rDizzyreturnedtoNewYork.ItwasduringthistimethatParkerrecordedOrnithology:(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenforty-six,CharlieParkersufferedanervousbreakdown.Hisdependenceonheroinandalcoholledtothisseverementalcondition.Hewassenttoahospitalandstayedthereforsixmonths.HereturnedtoNewYorkCityinnineteenforty-seve

15、n.Thefollowingfouryearsareconsideredhismostsuccessful.Heformedhisownsmallbandsandplayedwithothergroups.HevisitedEuropethreetimes,whereherecordedabouthalfofthealbumsheevermade.InJuly,nineteenfifty-one,NewYorkCityofficialstookawayhisrighttoplayinnightclubsbecauseheusedillegaldrugs.Hisdebtsgreatlyincre

16、ased.Hisphysicalandmentalhealthbegantofail.VOICETWO:CharlieParkerwasgivenapermittoplayinNewYorkagaintwoyearslater.Jobs,though,weredifficulttofind.HefinallygotachancetoplayfortwonightsinMarch,nineteenfifty-five.ItwasatBirdland,themostfamousjazznightclubinNewYorkCity.Birdlandhadopenedinnineteenforty-nine.Itwasnamedafter,BirdasCharlieParkersfollowerscalledhim.Parkerknewthose