impact-of-world-war-ii.docx

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1、CasualtiesandwarcrimesMHinartides:WCrldWurIICasUaIlieSUndWarCrimeSduringWorldWUrIIWorldWarIlDeathsMtarydeaths(mns)M(deaths1mdtMo1939populationWorldWarIIdeathsEstimatesforthetotalcasualtiesofthewarvary,becausemanydeathswentunrecorded.Mostsuggestthatsome60miHionpeoplediedinthewar,includingabout20InilI

2、iOnSOldierSand40millioncivi1ians.Manyciviliansdiedbecauseofdisease,SiHrvalicn,massacres,bcmbinariddeliberategenocide.TheSovietUnionlostaround27mi1Iionpeopleduringthewar,including8.7millionmiIitaryand19millionciviliandeaths.ThelargestportionofmilitarydeadwereethnicRUSSianS(5,756,000),followedbyethnic

3、1.krainiims(1,377,400).OneofeveryfourSovietcitizenswaskilledorwoundedinthatwar.Germanysustained5.3mi11ionmi1itarylosses,mostlyontheEasternFrontandduringthefinalbattlesinGermany.OfthetotaldeathsinWorldWarIIapproximately85percent-mostlySovietandChinese-wereontheAlliedsideand15percentontheAxisside.Mnyo

4、fthesedeathswerecausedbywarcrimesConimilledbyGCrtnanandJaPaneSeforcesinoccupiedterritories.nestimated11*to17-mi11ionciviliansdiedasadirectorindirectresultofNaziideologicalpolicies,includingthesystematicgenocideofaroundsixmillionJewsl11ingTheHolocauslalongwiIhaurtherfivemi11ionRoma1homosexualsaswella

5、sSlaVSandotherethnicandminoritygroups.Roughly7.5millionciviliansdiedinChinaunderJapaneseoccupation.,Hundredsofthousands(varyingestimates)ofethnicSerbs,alongwithgypsiesandJews,weremurderedbytheAxis-alignedCroatianUsia*inYugoslavia,luitrelribulion-relaledkillingsOfCroulianCiVilianSjustafterthewarended

6、.ChinesecivilianstobeburiedalivebyJapanesesoldiers.Thebest-knownJapaneseatrocitywastheXankingMaSSaCre,inwhichseveralhundredthousandChinesecivilianswererapedandmurdered.*Between3milliontomorethan10millioncivilians,mostlyChinese,werekilledbytheJapaneseoccupationforces.*MitsuyoshiHimetareported2.7mi11i

7、oncasualtiesoccurredduringtheSank6Sakusen.GeneralYaSUjiOkHmUraimplementedIhepolicyinHeipeiandShaniuriR.-rTheAxisforcesemployedlimitedbiologicalandChemiCalweapons.TheItaliansusedmuslardgusduringIheirconquestOfAbyssinia,WhiIetheIInPeriHlJaDanCSeIrinyusedavarietyofsuchweaponsduringtheirinvasionandOCCUD

8、ationOfChina(seeUnit731),andinearlyCOnfliCISagainstlh。Soviets.la5kBoththeGeimansandJaPanCSQtestedsuchweaponsHgainSIcivi1ians5:1and,insomecases,onPrirDnerSOfWhilemanyoftheAxiss”：iSWerebroughtIotrialinIhoworldSfirstinternationaltribunals,incidentsCaUSedbytheAllieSwerenot.ExamplesofsuchAl1iedactionsinc

9、ludePOPUIationtransfersintheSoVietInionandJaPaneSeAmCriCaninternmcnlintheUnitedStates;theOperationKucIhHUI,txpulsicu(NGorniHns”门力World巾IrII,rappduringIhcOCCUPatiOnOfGermany：theSovietUnion,sKatynmassacre,forwhichGermtinsfacedcounter-accusationsofresponsibility.1.argenumbersoffaminedeathscanalsobepart

10、iallyattributedtothewar,suchastheBengalfamineOf1943andtheVietnamesefamineOf1944-45.国Ilhasbeensuggestedbysomehistorians,e.g.dr*Friodrich,thatthemass-bombingofcivilianareasinenemyterritory,includingTOkYOandmostnotablytheGermancitiesofDresden,HambUrgandColognebyWesternAllies,whichresultedinthedestructi

11、onofmorethan160citiesandthedeathsofmorethan600,OOOGermanciviliansbeconsideredaswarcrimes.ConcentrationcampsandslaveworkFurtherinformation:TheHoIOCaUst,ConSeQUenCeSOfNazism,JaPaneSeWcrimes*andAHiCdWarCrimeSduringWorld艇r/DeadbodiesintheMaUthaUSen-GUSenCOnCentrationCamPafterliberation,possiblyPOIitiCal

12、PriSOnerSorSovietPOWSTheNaziswereresponsibleforTheHolocaust,thekillingofapproximatelysixmi11ionJews(overwhelminglyAshkenazim),asWellastwomillionelhnicPOleSandfourmillionotherswhoweredeemedun*orlhyOflife”(includingthedisabledandmentallyill,SoVietDriSOnerSQfwar,homosexuals,FreClnaSOns,JehovahsWitnesse

13、s,andRomani)aspartofaprogrammeofdeliberateextemination.About12mi11ion,mostofwhomwereEasie门)EurCDuHns,WereemployedintheGermanwareconomyasforcedlabourers.InadditiontoNaziCOnCenlrtIlioncamps,theSovietMUIagS(labourcamps)ledtothedeathofcitizensofoccupiedcountriessuchasPoland,1.ithuania,1.atvia,andEstonia

14、,aswel1asGerinanPriSonerSOfw(POWs)andovenSovietcitizenswhohadbeenorwerethoughttobesupportersoftheNazis.SixtypercentofSovieiPOKShe(MnnanSdiedduringthewar.RiChardOVerygivesthenumberof5.7millionSovietPOWs.Ofthose,57percentdiedorwerekilled,atotalof3.6million.,Soviete-POWsandrepatriatedcivi1iansweretreat

15、edwithgroatsuspicionasPOlenliaINazicollaborators,andsomefthemWeresenttotheGulaguponbeingcheckedbytheNKVD,*alJapaneseJriSonercWarC“mps,nmyofwhichwereusedaslabourcamps,alsohadhighdeathrates.TheInternationalMilitaryTribUnalfortheFarEaStfoundthedeathrateofWesternprisonerswas27.1percent(for.AmericanPOWs,

16、37percent),seventimesthatofPOWsundertheGermansandItalians.;While37,583prisonersromtheUK,28,500fromtheNetherlands,Und14,473fromUnitedSlateswerereleasedHftertheSUITenderOfJapan,thenumberfortheChinesewasonly56.AccordingtohistorianZhifenJu,alleastfivemillionChineseciviliansfromnorthernChinaandManchukuowereenslavedbetween1935and19