人民大2024管理学原理（第10版）英文教师手册robbinscoulter_fom10_im_qm.docx

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1、QUANTITATIVEMODU1.EQUANTITATIVEDECISION-MAKINGAIDSinthestudyofthisniule,theauthorsin(reratingataloss,orhowmuchvolumetheycanaffordtoloseands(illbreak-evenifthecompanyiscurrentlyoperatingprofitably.RatioAnalysis1. RatioanalysisinvolvestheuseofSignificanlfiguresf11)nIhCfinuncialSlaleinentKandexpressest

2、hemasapercentageorratio.2. ThispracticeallowsmanagerscocomparecuentfinancialperformancewiththatOfPreVioUSPeriodSandotherorganizationsinthesameindustry.3. SomeothemoreusefulratiosevaluateIiquidily,leverage,operations,aneetilsdebtobligations.b. 1.everageratiosrefertotheuseofborrowedfundscooperateandex

3、pandanorganization.c. Operatingratiosdescribehowefficientlymanagementisusingtheorganizationsresources.d. Profilabilityratiosmeasureanorganizationseffectivenessandefficiency.1.inearProgramming1. 1.inearprogrammingisamathematicaltechniquethatsolvesresourceallocationproblems.2. 1.inearp11gramningcannot

4、beappliedtoallresourceallocationsitua(ions.3. Besidesrequiringlimitedresourcesandtheobjectiveofoptimization,itrequiresthattherebealternativewaysofcombiningresourcestoproduceanumberofoutputmixes.4. Alinearrelationshipbetweenvariablesisalsonecessary,whichmeansthatachangeinonevariablewillbeaccompaniedb

5、yanexactlyproportionalchangeintheother.AnexampleisgiveninExhibitQM-6.6. ManydifferentIypesofproblemscanbesolvedwithlinearprogramming.Forexample:a. SelectingIransportaiionroutesthatminimizeshippingcosts.b. AllocatingalimitedadvertisingbudgetamongvariousPrOdUClbrands.c. Makingtheoptimumassignmentofper

6、sonnelamongprojects.d. Determininghowmuchofeachproduct(omakeWilhalimitednumberofresources.QueuingTheOry1. Queuingtheoryhelpssolveproblemsthatinvolvebalancing(hecostofhavingawaitinglineagainstthecostofservicetomaintainthatline.2. Thesetypesofcom11nsituationsincludedetermininghowmanygaspumpsareneededa

7、tgasstations,tellersatbankwindows,tolltakersattollbooths,orcheckinlinesatairlineticketcounters.3. ManagementwantstohaveasfewstationsOPentominimizecostswithouttestingthepatienceofiscustomers.EconomicOrderQuantityModel1. Afixed-pointreorderingsystemisamethodforasystemtoflagtheneedtoreorderinventoryats

8、omeprc-cstablishedpointintheprocess.2. Theobjectiveistominimizeinventor)-Carryingcostswhileatthesametimelimitingtheprobabilityofstockingoutoftheinventor)fitem.3. TheEconomicOrderQuantityMlelseeksIobalancethecostsinvolvedinorderingandCaiTyinginvcntorj,thusminimizingtotalcostsassociatedwithearningandorderingcosts.(SeeExhibitQM-8.)4. TheEOQmodelassumesthatdemandandleadtimesa