英语句法大全.ppt
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1、英语句子概论英语句子概论 基本成分 附属成分 独立成分 省略成分 连接成分 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi ) 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语主语 系动词系动词 表表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)There + be / stand/ lie / live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的
2、五种基本句型主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie b
3、ecome /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book fo
4、r me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是:基本成分的修饰语。可以是: 定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。短语或从句。定定 语语Poor John t
5、ottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books,which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he
6、 gets drunk,John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语Examples:Oh!What is that!(惊叹词)!(惊叹词)He has,alas,failed ag
7、ainCome here,John(呼语)(呼语)Roll on,Ocean,roll on句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分独立成分(You) Come here(I wish you)Good luck!Some gave him praises,but others(gave him)rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) H
8、ope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:一定的意思:省略成分省略成分连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子(即从句)
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