托福作文写作范文详解orre.docx

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1、托福作文写作范文详解ReadingInthe1950sTorreyataxifohazatypeofevergreentreeonceverycommoninthestateofFlorida,startedtodieout.Nooneissureexactlywhatcausedthedecline,butchancesaregoodthatifnothingisdonezTorreyawillsoonbecomeextinct.ExpertsareconsideringthreewaystoaddressthedeclineofTorreya.Thefirstoptionistoreest

2、ablishTorreyainthesamelocationinwhichitthrivedforthousandsofyears.TorreyausedtobefoundinabundanceinthenorthernpartofFlorida,whichhasaspecificmicroclimate.Amicroclimateexistswhenweatherconditionsinsidearelativelysmallareadifferfromtheregionofwhichthatareaisapart.NorthernFloridasmicroclimateisveryfavo

3、rabletoTorreya,sgrowth.Thismicroclimateiswetterandcoolerthanthesurroundingregionsrelativelydry,warmclimate.ScientistshavebeenworkingtoplantTorreyaseedsinthecoolest,dampestareasofthemicroclimate.ThesecondoptionistomoveTorreyatoanentirelydifferentlocation,farfromitsFloridamicroclimate.Torreyaseedsands

4、aplingshavebeensuccessfullyplantedandgrowninforestsfurthernorth,wherethetemperatureissignificantlycooler.SomescientistsbelievethatTorreyaprobablythrivedinareasmuchfurthernorthinthedistantpastzsobyrelocatingitnowzinaprocessknownasassistedmigration,humanswouldsimplybehelpingTorreyareturntoanenvironmen

5、tthatismoresuitedtoitssurvival.ThethirdoptionistopreserveTorreyainresearchcenters.SeedsandsaplingscanbemovedfromthewildandpreservedinacloselymonitoredenvironmentwhereitwillbeeasierforscientistsbothtoprotectthespeciesandconductresearchonTorreya.Thisresearchcanthenbeusedtoensurethecontinuedsurvivaloft

6、hespecies.ListeningYouzvejustreadaboutthreewaystosaveTorreyataxifolia.Unfortunately,noneofthesethreeoptionsprovidesasatisfactorysolution.Aboutthefirstsolution-reestablishingTorreyainthesamelocation-thatsunlikelytobesuccessful,becauseofwhatshappeningtothecoolestdampestareaswithintorreyazsmicroclimate

7、.Theseareasarebeingstronglyaffectedbychangesintheclimateofthelargerregion.ThiscouldbebecauseglobalwarminghascontributedtoanincreaseinoveralltemperaturesintheregionorbecausewetlandsthroughoutFloridahavebeendrained.Eitherwayzmanyareasacrosstheregionarebecomingdrier,soitsunlikelythatTorreyawouldhavethe

8、conditionsitneedstosurviveanywherewithinitsoriginalFloridamicroclimate.Nowaboutthesecondsolution,relocatingTorreyafarfromwhereitcurrentlygrows,well,letslookatwhathappenedwhenhumanshelpedanothertree,theblacklocusttree,movenorthtoanewenvironment.Whentheydidthis,theblacklocusttreespreadsoquicklythatitk

9、illedoffmanyplantsandtreesinthenewenvironmentandsomeoftheseplantsandtreeswerethemselvesalreadyindangerofbecomingextinct.Soassistedmigrationcanhaveunpredictedoutcomesforthenewenvironment.Thirdzresearchcentersareprobablynotasolutioneither.ThatzsbecausethepopulationofTorreyatreesthatcanbekeptinthecente

10、rswillprobablynotbeabletoresistdiseases.Forapopulationoftreestosurviveadisease,itneedstoberelativelylargeanditneedstobegeneticallydiverse.TreepopulationsinthewildusuallysatisfythosecriteriabutresearchcenterswouldsimplynothaveenoughcapacitytokeepalargeadiversepopulationofTorreyatrees,sotreesinsuchcen

11、terswillnotbecapableofsurvivingdiseasesinthelongterm.一、阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:Thereare3WaystostopthedeclineofTorreya.Subpoint1:ReestablishTorreyainthesamelocation.Subpoint2:MoveTorreyatoanewlocation.Subpoint3:PreserveTorreyainresearchcenters.LectureAttitude:Notsatisfy.SubPoint1:Unlikelytos

12、uccessful.(Changesofclimatezwarmingzareasdrier.)SubPoint2:Blacklocusttreekilledmanyplantsinnewenvironment.(Alreadyindanger,Unpredictable.SubPoint3:Notasolution.(Largeanddiverseneeded,notenoughcapacity,canztsurviveinlongterm.)二、范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Inthereadingpassagetheauthordescribesthreewaystoaddressth

13、edeclineofTorreya.However,theprofessordoubtstheargumentspresentedinthepassagewillbeeffective,statingthatnoneofthethreewayswillwork.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）作者先用一句话描述例如R的论点（有三种防止T树的数量下降的方法），L反驳说这些方面都没用。确认了逻辑关系为反，引出三个讨论。此段结构：开头段作者先复述了R的论点，接着确立逻辑关系，接着准备3个点的详细论证。Paragraph2Tob

14、eginwithztheprofessorpointsoutthatthefirstoptionmentionedinthepassage,reestablishingTorreyaintheecosystem,willnotsucceed.Why?ManyareaswithinFloridaSmicroclimateregionarebecomingdriereitherfromglobalwarmingorfromdisappearingwetlands.Consequently,thisregionnowcannotprovidethenecessaryconditionsTorreya

15、needstosurvive.此段功能：以L的观点起头，谈subtopic1,在原地区种植T树是不会成功的。因为在Florida的气候发生了变化，原因可能是全球变暖或者湿地消失。现在这片地区已经不能很好的使T树生长了。此段结构：此段为总分结构。第一句陈述L的观点，接着说明具体原因，最后达到反驳R观点的效果。Paragraph3Additionally；theprofessorclaimsthatthesecondoption,relocatingTorreyazwillbeinvain.Toillustratethisargument,theprofessorintroducedanexamp

16、leofanothertreewhichwasmovedtoanewenvironmentandthenquicklyspreadtokilloffotherplantspecies,includingsomealready-endangeredones.此段功能：还是以L观点出发，谈SUbtoPiC2,异地种植T树也不合适。教授举例说，另外一种树在移植后生长太疯狂把别的树包括稀有树木都侵蚀了。此段结构：总分结构。第一句总结L观点。第二句用类比手法举例,达到支撑L观点的作用。Paragraph4Finally,theprofessorobjectstothethirdoptionofpreservingTorreyainresearchcenters.ThepopulationofTorreyazsheexplains,hastobegeneticallydiverseinordertoresistdis