我们共同的未来-联合国报告.docx

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1、UNDocumentsGatheringaBodyofGlobalAgreementsHomeISustainableDevelopmentEducationWaterCultureOfPeaceHumanRightsKeywordsSearchOurCommonFuture,FromOneEarthtoOneWorldFromA/42/427.OurCommonFuture:ReportoftheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentAnOverviewbytheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment

2、TheGlobalChallengeSuccessesandfailuresTheInterlockingCrisesSustainableDevelopmentTheInstitutionalGapsThePolicyDirectionsPopulationandHumanResources2 .FoodSecurity:SustainingthePotential3 .SpeciesandEsystems:ResourcesforDevelopment4 .Energy:ChoicesforEnvironmentandDevelopment5 .Industry:ProducingMore

3、withLess6.TheUrbanChallengeIII.InternationalCperationandInstitutionalReform1.TheRoleoftheInternationalEnomy2 .ManagingtheCommons3 Peace,Security,Development,andtheEnvironment4 .InstitutionalandLegalChange4.1 GettingattheSources4.2 DealingwiththeEffects4.3 AssessingGlobalRisks4.4 .4MakingInformedChoi

4、ces4.5 ProvidingtheLegalMeans4.6 InvestinginourFutureIV.ACallforAction1. Inthemiddleofthe20thcentury,wesawourplanetfromspaceforthefirsttime.HistoriansmayeventuallyfindthatthisvisionhadagreaterimpactonthoughtthandidtheCopernicanrevolutionofthe16thcentury,whichupsetthehumanself-imagebyrevealingthatthe

5、Earthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse.Fromspace,weseeasmallandfragileballdominatednotbyhumanactivityandedificebutbyapatternofclouds,oceans,greenery,andsoils.Humanitysinabilitytofititsactivitiesintothatpatternischangingplanetarysystems,fundamentally.Manysuchchangesareaccompaniedbylife-threateninghazards.T

6、hisnewreality,fromwhichthereisnoescape,mustberecognized-andmanaged.2. Fortunately,thisnewrealitycoincideswithmorepositivedevelopmentsnewtothiscentury.Wecanmoveinformationandgoodsfasteraroundtheglobethaneverbefore;wecanproducemorefoodandmoregoodswithlessinvestmentofresources;ourtechnologyandsciencegi

7、vesusatleast,thepotentialtolookdeeperintoandbetterunderstandnaturalsystems.Fromspace,WecanseeandstudytheEarthasanorganismwhosehealthdependsonthehealthofalitsparts.Wehavethepowertoreconcilehumanaffairswithnaturallawsandtothriveintheprocess.Inthisourculturalandspiritualheritagescanreinforceoureconomic

8、interestsandsurvivalimperatives.3. ThisCommissionbelievesthatpeoplecanbuildafuturethatismoreprosperous,morejust,andmoresecure.Ourreport,OurCommonFuture,isnotapredictionofeverincreasingenvironmentaldecay,poverty,andhardshipinanevermorepollutedworldamongeverdecreasingresources.Weseeinsteadthepossibili

9、tyforaneweraofeconomicgrowth,onethatmustbebasedonpoliciesthatsustainandexpandtheenvironmentalresourcebase.Andwebelievesuchgrowthtobeabsolutelyessentialtorelievethegreatpovertythatisdeepeninginmuchofthedevelopingworld.4. ButtheCommissionshopeforthefutureisconditionalondecisivepoliticalactionnowtobegi

10、nmanagingenvironmentalresourcestoensurebothsustainablehumanprogressandhumansurvival.Wearenotforecastingafuture;Weareservinganotice-anurgentnoticebasedonthelatestandbestscientificevidence-thatthetimehascometotakethedecisionsneededtosecuretheresourcestosustainthisandcominggenerations.Wedonotofferadeta

11、iledblueprintforaction,butinsteadapathwaybywhichthepeoplesoftheworldmayenlargetheirspheresofcooperation.I.TheGlobalChallenge1. Successesandfailures5. Thoselookingforsuccessandsignsofhopecanfindmany:infantmortalityisfalling;humanlifeexpectancyisincreasing;theproportionoftheworldsadultswhocanreadandwr

12、iteisclimbing;theproportionofchildrenstartingschoolisrising;andglobalfoodproductionincreasesfasterthanthepopulationgrows.6. Butthesameprocessesthathaveproducedthesegainshavegivenrisetotrendsthattheplanetanditspeoplecannotlongbear.Thesehavetraditionallybeendividedintofailuresofdevelopment*andfailures

13、inthemanagementofourhumanendronment.Onthedevelopmentside,intermsofabsolutenumberstherearemorehungrypeopleintheworldthaneverbefore,andtheirnumbersareincreasing.Soarethenumberswhocannotreadorwrite,thenumberswithoutsafewaterorsafeandsoundhomes,andthenumbersshortofwoodfuelwithwhichtocookandwarmthemselve

14、s.Thegapbetweenrichandpoornationsiswidening-notshrinking-andthereislittleprospect,givenpresenttrendsandinstitutionalarrangements,thatthisprocesswillbereversed.7. Therearealsoenvironmentaltrendsthatthreatentoradicallyaltertheplanet,thatthreatenthelivesofmanyspeciesuponit.includingthehumanspecies.Each

15、yearanother6millionhectaresofproductivedrylandturnsintoworthlessdesert.Overthreedecades,thiswouldamounttoanarearoughlyaslargeasSaudiArabia.Morethan11millionhectaresofforestsaredestroyedyearly,andthis,overthreedecades,wouldequalanareaaboutthesizeofIndia.Muchofthisforestisconvertedtolow-gradefarmlandu

16、nabletosupportthefarmerswhosettleit.InEurope,acidprecipitationkillsforestsandlakesanddamagestheartisticandarchitecturalheritageofnations;itmayhaveacidifiedvasttractsofsoilbeyondreasonablehopeofrepair.Theburningoffossilfuelsputsintotheatmospherecarbondioxide,whichiscausinggradualglobalwarming.Thisgreenhouseeffect*maybyearlynextcenturyhaveincreasedaverageglobaltemperaturesenoughtoshift