泌尿肿瘤.ppt
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1、 l肾癌(renal carcinoma)又称肾细胞癌、肾腺癌等,占原发性肾恶性肿瘤的85%左右。肾癌的组织病理多种多样,透明细胞,还可见有颗粒细胞和梭形细胞。l血尿、疼痛和肿块。l发热、高血压、血沉快等。l转移症状 临床上约有10%的病人因转移症状,如病理骨折、咯血、神经麻痹及转移部位出现疼痛等就医。l查体发现lB超:常表现为不均质的中低回声实性肿块,体积小的肾癌有时表现为高回声,需结合CT或MI诊断。lX线检查:泌尿系统平片(KUB)静脉尿路造影(IVU),价值不高。lCT:表现为肾实质内不均质肿块,平扫CT值略低于或与肾实质相似,增强扫描后,肿瘤不如正常肾实质增强明显。lMRI l根治性
2、肾切除术是肾癌最主要的治疗方法。切除范围包括患肾、肾周脂肪及肾周筋膜、区域肿大淋巴结。l肾部分切除术l手术方式:开放手术或腹腔镜l应用生物制剂白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-(INF-)等免疫治疗,对预防转移癌有一定疗效。肾癌具有多药物耐药基因,对放射治疗及化学治疗不敏感。Pathologic Tumor Stage History,Examination,and Blood Tests Chest Radiograph Abdominal CT Scan T1 N0 M0 Yearly T2 N0 M0 YearlyYearlyEvery 2 years T3a-c N0 M0 Ever
3、y 6 months for 3 years,then yearly Every 6 months for 3 years,then yearly At 1 year,then every 2 years l3%B/L RCCl3%local recurrence after radical nephrectomyl10%local recurrence after NSSl5-10%IVC involvement at presentationl30%with METs at presentationl26%metastasize after nephrectomylPrimary tumo
4、r(T)lTX-Primary tumor cannot be assessed lT0-No evidence of primary tumor lT1-Tumor 7 cm or smaller in greatest dimension,limited to the kidney lT2-Tumor larger than 7 cm in greatest dimension,limited to the kidney lT3-Tumor extends into major veins or invades adrenal gland or perinephric tissues bu
5、t not beyond the Gerota fascia lT3a-Tumor invades adrenal gland or perinephric tissues but not beyond the Gerota fascia lT3b-Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein(s)or vena cava below the diaphragm lT3c-Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein(s)or vena cava above the diaphragm lT4-Tumor invadi
6、ng beyond the Gerota fascialRegional lymph nodes(N)-Laterality does not affect the N classification lNX-Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed lN0-No regional lymph node metastasis lN1-Metastasis in a single regional lymph node lN2-Metastasis in more than 1 regional lymph nodelDistant metastasis(M)
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- 关 键 词:
- 泌尿 肿瘤
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