2024剑桥雅思讲义Matching_Names_Questions_Strategy_Practice.docx

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1、IELTSADVANTAGEMatchingNamesQuestionsStrategyPracticeApottedhistoryofsnookerTheoriginofsnookerdatesbacktothelatterhalfofthe19thcentury.Inthe1870s,billiardswasapopularactivityamongBritishArmyofficersstationedinIndia,andseveralvariationsofthegameweredevisedduringthistime.Onevariationthatoriginatedatthe

2、officersmessofthe11thDevonshireRegimentin1875combinedtherulesoftwopocketbilliardsgames:pyramidandblackpool.Theformerwasplayedwithfifteenredcolouredballspositionedinatriangle,whilethelatterinvolvedthepottingofdesignatedballs.Thegamewasdevelopedin1884whenitsfirstsetofruleswasfinalisedbySirNevilleChamb

3、erlain,anEnglisharmyofficerwhohelpeddevelopandpopularisethegameatStoneHouseinOoty(Ootacamund)onatablebuiltbyBurroughes&Wattsthatwasbroughtoverbyboat.Thewordsnookerwasaslangtermforfirst-yearcadetsandinexperiencedmilitarypersonnel,butChamberlainwouldoftenuseitfortheperformanceofoneofhisfellowofficersa

4、tthetable.In1887,snookerwasgivenitsfirstdefinitereferenceinEnglandinacopyofSportingLifewhichcausedagrowthinpopularity.ChamberlaincameoutasthegamesinventorinalettertoTheFieldpublishedon19March1938,63yearsafterthefact.In1927thefirstWorldSnookerChampionshipwasorganisedbyJoeDavis.Davis,asaprofessionalEn

5、glishbilliardsandsnookerplayer,movedthegamefromapastimetoaprofessionalactivity.Daviswoneveryworldchampionshipuntil1946,whenheretiredfromthechampionships.Thegamewentintoadeclinethroughthe1950sand1960swithlittleinterestgeneratedoutsideofthosewhoplayed.In1959,DavisintroducedavariationofthegameknownasSn

6、ookerPlus*totrytoimprovethegame,spopularitybyaddingtwoextracolours,butthisfailedtogaininterest.In1969,DavidAttenboroughcommissionedthesnookertelevisionseriesPotBlacktodemonstratethepotentialofcolourtelevision,withthegreentableandmulti-colouredballsbeingidealforshowingofftheadvantagesofcolourbroadcas

7、ting.Theseriesbecamearatingssuccessandwasforatimethesecond-mostpopularshowonBBC2.Interestinthegameincreasedandthe1978WorldSnookerChampionshipwasthefirsttobefullytelevised.ThegamequicklybecameamainstreamgameintheUnitedKingdom,IrelandandmuchoftheCommonwealth,andhasenjoyedmuchsuccesssincethelate1970s,w

8、ithmostoftherankingtournamentsbeingtelevised.Bythe1985WorldSnookerChampionship,atotalof18.5millionviewerswatchedtheconcludingframeofthefinalbetweenDennisTaylorandSteveDavis,arecordviewershipfortheUnitedKingdomforanybroadcastaftermidnight.Intheearly2000s,abanontobaccoadvertisingledtoaIELTSADVANTAGEMa

9、tchingNamesQuestionsStrategyPracticedecreaseinthenumberofprofessionaltournaments,withprofessionaltournamentsbeingcuttoonly15eventsin2003,from22in1999.However,theincreasingpopularityofthegameinAsia,withexcitingemergingtalentssuchasLiangWenboandmoreestablishedplayerssuchasDingJunhuiandMarcoFu,boostedt

10、hesportintheFarEast.By2007,theBBCdedicated400hourstosnookercoverage,comparedtojust14minutes40yearsearlier.In2010,promoterBarryHearngainedacontrollinginterestinWorldSnookerLtd.andtheWorldSnookerTour,pledgingtorevitalisethemoribundprofessionalgame.Sincethistime,thenumberofprofessionaltournamentshasinc

11、reased,with44eventsinthe2019/20season.Eventshavealsobeenmadetobemoresuitablefortelevisionbroadcasts,suchastheSnookerShoot-Out,atimed,one-frametournament.Prizemoneyforprofessionaleventshasalsoincreased,withtopplayersmakingseveralmillionpoundsduringtheircareers.IntheprofessionalerathatbeganwithJoeDavi

12、sinthe1930sandcontinuesuntilthepresentday,arelativelysmallnumberofplayershavesucceededatthetoplevel.JoeDaviswasworldchampionfortwentyyears,retiringunbeatenafterclaiminghisfifteenthworldtitlein1946whenthetournamentwasreinstatedaftertheSecondWorldWar.DaviswasunbeateninWorldChampionshipplay,andwasonlye

13、verbeatenfourtimesinhisentirelife,withallfourdefeatscomingafterhisWorldChampionshipretirementandinflictedbyhisownbrotherFredDavis.Hedidlosematchesinhandicappedtournaments,butonleveltermsthesefourdefeatsweretheonlylossesofhisentirecareer.Hewasalsoworldbilliardschampion.Itisregardedashighlyunlikelytha

14、tanyonewilleverdominatethegametothislevelagain.AfterDavisretiredfromWorldChampionshipplay,thenextdominantforcewashisyoungerbrotherFredDavis,whohadlostthe1940finaltoJoe.By1947,FredDaviswasdeemedreadybyhisbrothertotakeoverthemantle,butlosttheworldfinaltotheScotsmanWalterDonaldson.DavisandDonaldsonwoul

15、dcontestthenextfourfinals.AftertheabandonmentoftheWorldChampionshipin1953,withthe1952finalboycottedbyBritishprofessionals,theWorldProfessionalMatch-playChampionshipbecametheunofficialworldchampionship.FredDaviswontheeventeveryyearuntilitspenultimateone,in1957,whichhedidnotenter.JohnPulmanwasthemosts

16、uccessfulplayerofthe1960s,whentheworldchampionshipwascontestedonachallengebasis.However,whenthetournamentrevertedtoaknockoutformulain1969,hedidnotprosper.RayReardonbecameIELTSadvantageMatChingNamesQuestionsStrategyPracticethedominantforceinthe1970s,winningsixtitles(1970,1973-1976and1978),withJohnSpencerwinningthree.SteveDavis,firstworldtitlein1981madehimonlythe11thworldchampionsince1927,includingthewinneroftheboycotted1952title,HoraceLindrum.Davi