美国名人 女作家 薇拉·凯瑟.docx

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1、美国名人女作家薇拉凯瑟WriterWillaCatherCelebratedEuropeansWhoSettledintheAmericanMidwestplaystopmutemaxvolume00:06-15:28repeatByRichardThorman2005-10-8(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmTonyRiggswithPeopleinAmerica.TodaywetellaboutwriterWillaCather.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Thesecondhalfofthenineteethcenturyb

2、roughtmajorchangestotheUnitedStates.Fromitsearliestdays,Americahadbeenanagriculturalsociety.ButaftertheendoftheCivilWarineighteenSiXty-five,thecountrybecameincreasinglyindustrial.Andasthepopulationgrew,Americabecamelessunified.AfterrailroadslinkedtheAtlanticcoastwiththePacificcoast,thehugeMiddleWest

3、ofthecountrywasopentosettlement.ThepeoplewhocamewerealmostallfromEurope.TherewereSwedesandNorwegians,PolesandRussians,BohemiansandGermans.Manyofthemfailedintheirnewhome.Somefledbacktotheiroldhomeland.Butthosewhosufferedthroughthefreezingwintersandtheburningsummersandthefailedcropsbecamethenewpioneer

4、s.TheywerethemenandwomencelebratedbytheAmericanwriterWillaCather.VOICETWO:Cathersbeststoriesareaboutthesepioneers.Shetoldwhattheysoughtandwhattheygained.Shewroteoftheirdifficultrelationswiththosewhofollowed.Andshedevelopedawayofwriting,bothbeautifulandsimple,thatmadeherapioneertoo.Formanywomeninthen

5、ineteenthcentury,writingnovelswasjustoneofthethingstheydid.ForWillaCathecwritingwasherlife.VOICEONE:WillaCatherwasborninthesouthernstateofVirginiaineighteenseventy-three.Attheageofeight,herfamilymovedtothenewstateofNebraskaintheMiddleWest.SheandNebraskagrewuptogether.WillalivedinthesmalltownofRedClo

6、ud.Asachildsheshowedwritingability.And,shewashelpedbygoodteachers,whowereuncommoninthenewfrontierstates.Fewwomenofhertimewenttoauniversity.WillaCatheohowever,wenttotheUniversityofNebraska.Shewrotefortheuniversityliterarymagazine,amongherotheractivities.Shegraduatedfromtheuniversityineighteenninety-f

7、ive.VOICETWO:MostAmericanwritersofhertimelookedtotheeasternUnitedStatesastheculturalcenterofthecountry.Itwasaplacewhereexcitingthingswerepossible.ItwasanescapefromtheflatnessofthelandandcultureoftheMiddleWest.Fromeighteenninety-sixtonineteen-oh-oneCatherworkedforthePittsburghDailyLeadernewspaper.Itw

8、asinPennsylvania,notNewYork,butitwasfarthereastthanNebraska.Catherbegantopublishstoriesandpoemsinnineteenhundred.AndshebecameanEnglishteacherinnineteen-oh-one.Forfiveyears,shetaughtEnglishatPittsburghCentralHighSchoolandatnearbyAlleghenyHighSchool.Shepublishedherfirstbookinnineteen-oh-three.Itwasabo

9、okofpoetry.TwoyearslatershepublishedabookofstoriescalledTheTrollGarden.VOICEONE:TheownerofaNewYorkmagazine,S.S.McLurezreadherstories.HeaskedhertocometoNewYorkCityandworkasaneditoratMcLure1SMagazine.Shewasfinallyintheculturalcapitalofthecountry.Shestayedwiththemagazinefromnineteen-oh-sixtonineteentwe

10、lve.OneofthepeoplewhoinfluencedhertoleavethemagazinewastheAmericanwomanwriter;SarahOrneJewett.JewettadvisedCathertowriteonlyfictionandtodealwiththeplacesandcharacterssheknewbest.Jewettsaiditwastheonlywaytowriteanythingthatwouldlast.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InnineteentwelveWillaCatherpublishedherfirstnovel,Al

11、exandersBridge.Bythattime,Catherhadenoughfaithinherselftoleavemagazineworkanduseallhertimetowritefiction.SherememberedJewettsadviceandturnedtothelandandpeoplesheknewbest,thefarmersoftheMiddleWest.InRedCloudshehadlivedamongBohemians,French-CanadianszGermans,Scandinavians,andotherimmigrants.Shesawthat

12、themixtureofallthesenewAmericansproducedanewsociety.Therewasnothingbutland,shewrote.Notacountryatall,butthematerialoutofwhichcountriesaremade.Itwasthismaterialsheusedtocreateherbooks.VOICEONE:1.ikeallgoodwriters,shewantedhernovelstoshowtheworldshedescribed,notjusttellaboutit.Laterinherlife,shedescri

13、bedthewayshewrote.Shecalleditnovelswithoutfurniture.Whatshemeantwasthatsheremovedfromhernovelseverythingthatwasnotnecessarytotellthestory.Fictioninthenineteenthcenturywasfilledwithsocialdetail.Ithadpagesofdescriptionandcommentsbytheauthor.Catherdidnotwritethisway.Shelookedtothepastforherideas,butshe

14、drewfromthepresentforherart.AyearafterAlexandersBridge,Catherpublishedhersecondnovel.ItwasthefirstofherbookstotakeplaceintheMiddleWest.ItiscalledOPioneers.Itestablishedherasoneofthebestwritersofhertime.OPioneerstellsthestoryofthefirstsmallgroupsofBohemians,Czechs,French,Russians,andSwedeswhosetabout

15、toconquertheland.Cathersaidtheyactedasiftheywereanaturalforce,asstrongorstrongerthanNature.Shesaidtheywerepeoplewhoownedthelandforalittlewhilebecausetheylovedit.Spring,summer;autumn,winter,spring,Catherwrote.Alwaysthesamefield.trees.Jives.VOICETWO:Cathersheroesarepioneers,settlersofunknownorunclaime

16、dland.Theyalsoarepioneersofthehumanspirit.Theyare,Cathersaidzthepeoplewhowoulddreamgreatrailroadsacrossthecontinent.Yetshesawsomethingmoreinthem.Itwassomethingpermanentwithinaworldofcontinuouschange.Asenseoforderinwhatappearedtobedisorder.InCathersmind,herwritingsabouttheMiddleWest,herprairieyears,becameawaytoshowapprovalofthevictoryoftraditionalvaluesagainstcountlessdiffic