美国名人 摄影家 玛格丽特·伯克·怀特 2.docx

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1、美国名人摄影家玛格丽特伯克怀特2PhotographerMargaretBourke-WhiteHelpedCreatetheModernArtofPhotojournalismplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:59repeatByShelleyGollust2006-5-20(THEME)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywecompleteourreportaboutphotographerMargaretBourke-

2、White.Shehelpedcreatethemodernartofphotojournalism.(THEME)VOICEONE:MargaretBourke-Whitebeganhercareerasanindustrialphotographerintheearlynineteenthirties.Herpicturescapturedthebeautyandpowerofmachines.Theytoldastory-oneimageatatime.Thetechniquebecameknowasthephotographicessay.Innineteenthirty-six,Am

3、ericanpublisherHenryLucestartedanewmagazine,calledLife,basedonthephotographicessay.Inthismagazine,thepicturestoldthestory.Bourke-WhitehadworkedasaphotographerforoneofLucesothermagazines,calledFortune.Lucechosehertoworkonhisnewmagazine.VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitetookthepicturethatappearedonthefirst

4、coverofLifemagazine.ItwasapictureofanewdambeingbuiltinthewesternstateofMontana.Thelightontheroundedsupportsshowedthedamsgreatstrength.Thesmallshapesoftwomenatthebottomshowedthedamshugesize.Bourke-Whitewasnolongersatisfiedjusttoshowtheproductsofindustryinherpictures,asshehadinthepast.Shewantedtotellt

5、hestoryofthepeoplebehindtheindustry:Inthiscase,thepeoplewhowerebuildingthedam.VOICEONE:ThedaminMontanawasafederalproject.Tenthousandpeopleworkedonit.Bourke-Whitetookpicturesofthosepeople-atthedam,intheroomswheretheylived,andintheplaceswheretheyhadfun.WithherpicturesinLifemagazine,shetoldastoryaboutA

6、mericasWildWestinthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitewasasocialactivist.ShewasamemberoftheAmericanArtistsCongress.Theseartistssupportedstatefinancialaidforthearts.TheyfoughtdiscriminationagainstAfrican-Americanartists.AndtheysupportedartistsfightingagainstfascisminEurope.Inthenin

7、eteenthirties,Bourke-WhitemettheAmericanwriterErskineCaldwell.CaldwellwasknownforhisstoriesaboutpeopleintheAmericanSouth.ThephotographerandthewriterdecidedtoproduceabooktotellAmericansaboutsomeofthosepoorcountrypeopleoftheSouth.Theytraveledthrougheightstates,fromSouthCarolinatoLouisiana.Theirbook,Yo

8、uHaveSeenTheirFaces,waspublishedinnineteenthirty-seven.Itwasagreatsuccess.Caldwellswordswerebeautiful.ButBourke-Whitespicturescouldhavetoldthestorybythemselves.TheyshowedthefacesofpeopleinalandthatstillworethemaskofdefeatinAmericasCivilWar.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-eight,somecountriesinEurope

9、wereclosetowar.Bourke-WhiteandCaldwellwenttheretoreportontheseevents.Theyproducedanotherbooktogether;thistimeaboutCzechoslovakia.ItwascalledNorthoftheDanube.ThenextyearMargaretBourke-WhiteandErskineCaldwellweremarried.Theycontinuedtoworktogether.Bythespringofnineteenforty-one,Europehadbeenatwarforay

10、earandahalf.Bourke-WhiteandCaldwellwenttotheSovietUnion.Theyweretheonlyforeignreportersthere.Forsixweeks,Bourke-WhitetookpicturesoftheSovietpeoplepreparingforwar.Then,onenightinJuly,SovietofficialsannouncedthatGermanbomberplaneswereflyingtowardMoscow.Nocivilianswerepermittedtostayabovegroundbecauseo

11、fthecomingattacks.VOICETWO:Asotherswerehurryingtosafety,Bourke-Whiteplacedseveralcamerasinthewindowofherhotelroom.Shesetthecamerassotheywouldremainopentothelightofthenightsky.Thenshejoinedtheothersinroomsunderthehotel.Whileshewaitedforthebombingattacktoend,hercamerasrecordedtheexplosions,whichlitupt

12、herooftopsofthecity.Beforeleavingthecountry,Bourke-WhitereceivedpermissiontomeetwithSovietleaderJosephStalin.ShereturnedhomewithhispictureandaseriesofotherphotographicessaysforLifemagazine.ShealsohadenoughmaterialforabookonthewarintheSovietUnion.MargaretBourke-WhitesmarriagetoErskineCaldwellendedind

13、ivorceinnineteenforty-two.VOICEONE:DuringWorldWarTwo,shebecameanofficialphotographerwiththeUnitedStatesArmy.HerphotographsweretobeusedjointlybythemilitaryandbyLifemagazine.ShewasthefirstwomantobepermittedtoworkincombatareasduringWorldWarTwo.Bourke-WhiteflewwithAmericanbomberplanesinEnglandastheyprep

14、aredtoattackenemytargetsontheEuropeancontinent.ShewantedtoflywiththeArmytoNorthAfrica,wheretheallieswerefightingGermantroopsinthedesert.Butthecommandinggeneraltoldheritwouldbetoodangerous.SoshesailedforNorthAfricainstead.BeforeshereachedtheAfricancoast,enemybombshittheshipandsankit.Analliedwarshipre

15、scuedBourke-WhiteandtheothersurvivorsandtookthemtoAlgeria.VOICETWO:TheincidentdidnotstopBourke-Whitefromreportingonthewar.SheflewinanalliedbombingattackonaGermanairfieldatElAouinainTunisia.SheflewovertheterriblefightingintheCassinoValleyinItaly.AndshemovedalongtheRhineRiverwiththeUnitedStatesThirdAr

16、my,underthecommandofGeneralGeorgePatton.Attheendofthewar;shewaswithAmericantroopswhentheyenteredandfreedseveralNazideathcamps.ShetookphotographsoftheprisonersintheBuchenwalddeathcampinGermanyinnineteenforty-five.1.ater;shewroteaboutthewar.Shesaidshesometimespulledanimaginaryclothacrosshereyesassheworked.Inthedeathcamps,shesaidztheclothwassothickthatshedidnotreallyknowwhatshewasphotographinguntilshesawth