美国总统15 林肯（2）.docx

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1、美国总统15林肯(2)AbrahamLincoln:Martyr(PartTwo)repeatByKellyJeanKellyIlJunef2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearecontinuingourstoryaboutAbrahamLincoln.HeledtheUnitedStatesduringtheCivilWarzwhichlastedfrom1861-1865.InthatnflictztheSouthernConfederacybattledtheUnion-thestatesthatsuppor

2、tedthefederalgovernment.Southernstateswantedtomaketheirownlaws,includingthosethatprotectedslavery.TheywereafraidthatPresidentLincolnwouldusethepowerofthefederalgovernmenttobanslaveryintheirstates,aswellasinOtherareas.So11Southernstateswithdrewfromtherestofthecountry.Theystoppedregnizingthepowerofthe

3、centralgovernment.PresidentLincolndidnotthinkstateshadtherighttowithdraw.Hesaidhewasfightingtoreunitethecountry.Butintime,heacceptedthattheCivilWarwouldalsobeafighttoendslavery.Commander-in-chief1.incolnisknownforseveralqualitiesasawartimepresident.Onewashowheledthemilitarycampaign.Aspresident,Linco

4、lnworkedwithtopmilitaryofficialstocreateaplan.TheyrealizedthattheUnionhadmoreresourcesandmoremenwhouldfightthantheConfederateforces.So,theyplannedtosurroundtheSouthernstates,cutofftheirsupplies,andpreventforeignpowersfromhelpingtheConfederacy.1.incolnhopedtheUnionsgeneralscouldexecutetheplanquicklya

5、ndendthewarassoonaspossible.Butthegeneralswereguarded.Theydidnotwanttoharmtheirsoldiersiftheydidnothaveto.TheyalsoknewtheConfederacyhadaskilledcommanderinGeneralRobertE.Lee.TroopsunderanotherConfederategeneral,ThomasStonewallJacksonzalsodefeatedtheUnionarmyinseveralearlybattles.1.incolnwasfrustrated

6、withthewareffort.Hewantedgeneralswhowouldnotonlywinbattles,butchaseaftertheopposingforcesanddestroythemsotheyuldnotfightagain.Inonefamoustelegram,hewrotetohistopgeneral,GeorgeMcClellan.Lincolnsaid,IfGeneralMcClellandoesnotwanttousetheArmy,Iwouldliketoborrowitforatime.Finally,LincolnreplacedMcClellan

7、.ThenhereplacedMcClellansreplacements.Executivepower1.incolnchangedthepresidencybybeingactivelyinvolvedasacommander-in-chiefofthemilitary.Healsogreatlyexpandedthepowersofthechiefexecutive.1.incolnbelievedthatzduringwar,thepresidenthadpowersthatweregreaterthanthoseofCongressandtheSupremeCourt.Asaresu

8、lt,hetookmanyactionsthatcritics-andevensomesupporters-consideredillegalundertheU.S.Constitution.Forexample,LincolnspentmillionsofdollarsinfederalmoneywithoutgettingpermissionfromCongress.Healsolimitedfreedomofthepress,restrictedmailservice,anddeclaredmartiallawinsomeplaces,evenwhenthesituationdidnot

9、requiremilitaryaction.Mostnotably,Linlntemporarilysuspendedthewritofhabeascorpus.HabeasrpusisanimportantrightintheAmericanlegaltradition.Itmeansthatpeoplewhoareunderarresthavetherighttoappearpersonallyincourt.Butzatsomeperiods,Lincolnignoredthatright.HesaidtheConfederacysrebellionjustifiedhisactions

10、.And,hesaidzextrememeasureswerenecessarytore-unitethecountry.EmancipationProclamationOneofLinlnsmostimportantlegaciesrelatestoslavery.TheissuewasattheheartoftheAmericanCivilWar.Formostofhiscareer,Lincolnspokeagainstslavery.Buthedidnottrytobarthecustominstateswhereitalreadyexisted.Heagreedtoleaveslav

11、eryintheSouthalone.1.incolnalsodidnotreallybelieveinracialequality.AndheworriedthatifslaveryendedintheUnitedStates,blacksandwhiteswouldnotbeabletolivepeacefullytogether.ButastheWarcontinued,Lincolnchangedhismindabouthowtodealwiththeissue.Foronething,anti-slaveryactivistswereurgingLincolntoendslavery

12、formoralreasons.1.incolnalsoconsideredtacticalreasons-thoserelatedtothewar.HesawthatenslavedpeopleintheSouthwereescapingtojoinUnionarmiesintheNorth.TheiractionshelpedtheUnioneffort.1.incolnalsowantedtopreventEnglandorFrancefromhelpingtheSouth.TheSouthernstateswereimportanttradingpartnersforEurope.Bu

13、ttheEnglishandFrenchpeoplehadrejectedslavery.LincolnhopedthatiftheUnionalsorejectedslavery,EuropeancountrieswouldsupporttheNorth-oratleastnotsupporttheSouth.SoLincolnwaiteduntiltheUnionwonamajorbattleinAntietamzMaryland.ThenheannouncedthathewasusinghispowerasawartimepresidenttoordertheendOfslaveryin

14、theConfederatestates.HeproducedadocumentcalledtheEmancipationProclamation.Itsaidthatenslavedpeopleintherebellingstateswereforeverfree.Historiansnotethattheactwasimportantandrevolutionary.Butitwasmostlysymbolic.Thefederalgovernmentwasnotabletoenforcetheorderatthetime.Anditdidnotdealwithenslavedpeople

15、inOtherareas.ButtheEmancipationProclamationwasthebeginningoftheendoflegalslaveryinthecountry.Duringtherestofhispresidency,Lincolnworkedinsupportofananti-slaveryamendmenttotheConstitution.Thatamendment-theThirteenth-wasapprovedin1865.Itofficiallyoutlawedslaveryacrossthecountry.Nextweekwewillfinishthe

16、storyOfAbrahamLincolnandtheCivilWar.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStoryresources-n.asupplyOfsomething(suchasmoney)thatsomeonehasandcanusewhenitisneededfrustrated-adj.veryangry,discouraged,orupsetbecauseofbeingunabletodoorcompletesomethingmartiallaw-adj.controlofanareabymilitaryforcesratherthanbythepolicelegac