美国名人氢弹之父爱德华·泰勒.docx

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1、美国名人氢弹之父爱德华泰勒EdwardTeller,1908-2003:FatheroftheHydrogenBombplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:20repeatByGeorgeGrow2007-8-18VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAfromVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutEdwardTeller.Hewasoneofthebest-knownAmericanscientistsofthetwentiethcentury.(M

2、USIC)VOICEONE:EdwardTellerwasoftencalledthefatherofthehydrogenbomb.However,hereportedlydidnotlikethatname.Tellerhelpeddevelopthefirstnuclearweapons.Later;hewasanactivistforastrongnationaldefense.HewasanimportantinfluenceonAmericasdefenseandenergypolicies.ExpertssayTellersstrongsupportfordefenseresul

3、tedfromexperiencesthathelpedshapehisopinionofworldevents.OnewastheriseoftheNazipartywhilehelivedinGermanyduringthenineteenthirties.VOICETWO:EdwardTellerwasborninBudapest,Hungaryinnineteen-oh-eight.Hisfatherwasalawyerandhismotherhadstrongmusicalabilities.Hisparentsandteachersrecognizedatanearlyagetha

4、tEdwardwasexcellentinmathematics.YethisfatherwasunhappywhenEdwardsaidhewantedtobeamathematician.Hetoldhissonthatmathematicianshadtroubleearningmoney.SoEdwardagreedtostudychemistry.HewenttoLeipzig,Germanyforhisuniversityeducation.WhileinGermany,Edwardwasinastreetcaraccident.Oneofhisfeetwascutoff.Heha

5、dtowearaman-made,replacementfootfortherestofhislife.VOICEONE:OneofTellersprofessorsinLeipzigwasWernerHeisenberg.Heisenberghelpedinventthetheorycalledquantummechanics.Thistheoryinvolvesthestudyofmatterandradiationatanatomiclevel.Itwasoneofthemostimportanttheoriesintwentiethcenturyscience.Innineteenth

6、irty-two,HeisenbergwontheNobelPrizeforphysicsfordevelopingthetheory.LaterheworkedinGermanysnuclearresearchprogram.EdwardTellerreceivedadoctorateinphysicsfromtheUniversityofLeipziginnineteenthirty.HewasaprofessorattheUniversityofGottingenforthreeyears.Innineteenthirty-three,AdolfHitlerbecameGermanysC

7、hancellor.HitlerandhisNaziPartyorganizedacampaignagainstJewsandotherminorities.ThisforcedTellerandanumberofotherJewishscientiststofleeGermany.Tellerandhiswife,Mid,cametotheUnitedStatesinnineteenthirty-five.TheybecameAmericancitizenssixyearslater.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Bythelatenineteenthirties,scientistsin

8、severalcountrieswerelearninghowtosplitthenucleiofatoms.Theydiscoveredthatthisnuclearfissionreleaseshugeamountsofenergyandcouldbeusedtocreateapowerfulnewweapon.SomescientistsintheUnitedStatesfearedthatGermanywasdevelopinganatomicbombandwouldbethefirsttouseitasaweapon.Oneofthosewhobelievedthiswasafrie

9、ndofTellers,LeoSzilard.LikeTeller;SzilardwasascientistwhohadleftHungaryandcometoliveintheUnitedStates.SzilardbelievedthattheUnitedStatesshouldhaveitsownprogramtodevelopatomicweapons.HewantedtogetAmericanofficialsinterestedinsuchaprogram.Hedecidedtoseekhelpfromtheworldsmostfamousscientist,AlbertEinst

10、ein.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-nine,SzilardpreparedalettertoPresidentFranklinRooseveltforEinsteintosign.Theletterurgedtheneedforanatomicweaponsprogram.SzilarddecidedtovisitEinsteinathissummerhomenearNewYorkCity.ButSzilardcouldnotdriveacar,soheaskedhisfriendTellertodrivethemtoEinsteinshome.Einsteinsig

11、nedtheletter.ItledtoasecretAmericanprogramtodevelopanatomicbomb.ThisprogramwascalledtheManhattanProject.Tocarryouttheprogram,theLosAlamosScientificLaboratorywassecretlyestablishedinthesouthwesternstateofNewMexicoinnineteenforty-two.ThiswasduringWorldWarTwo.TheUnitedStateswantedtobuildanatomicbombbef

12、oreGermanyorJapandid.TellerjoinedtheprojectalongwithAmericasothertopscientists.Heandhiswifebroughttheirone-hundred-year-oldpianototheNewMexicodesert.Telleroftenstayeduplate,playingmusicwrittenbyMozartandotherfamouscomposers.VOICETWO:EdwardTellerhopedtodesignahydrogenfusionbomb,adevicehecalledthesupe

13、r.Theideaforthehydrogenbombcamefromanotherscientist,EnricoFermi.Fermisuggestedthatthefusionofhydrogenatomsmightcreateanevenmorepowerfulforcethansplittingthem.Tellerquicklyacceptedtheidea.However,thedirectoroftheManhattanProjectdisagreed.J.RobertOppenheimerwantedhisteamofscientiststodevelopanatomicbo

14、mb,notahydrogenbomb.TheManhattanprojectsucceededindevelopingtheworldsfirstatomicbomb.Itsenergycamefromsplittingthenucleiofuraniumatoms.VOICEONE:EdwardTellerwasamongthescientistswhogatheredtoseetheworldsfirstatomictestexplosion.TheywatchedasahugecloudrosefromtheNewMexicodesertonJulysixteenth,ninetyfo

15、rty-five.Bythattime,thewarinEuropewasover.TheGermanshadnevercomeclosetocreatinganatomicbomb.ButthewarwithJapancontinued.Inanefforttoendthewar,UnitedStatesplanesdroppedatomicbombsontheJapanesecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasakionAugustsixth.JapansurrenderedwithindaystoendWorldWarTwo.VOICETWO:Afterthewar;Edw

16、ardTellertaughtattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois.Manyscientistswhohelpeddeveloptheatomicbombreturnedtocivilianjobs.Somehadproblemswithmoralissues.Yearslater,TellerwonderediftheUnitedStatescouldhaveshownJapaneseleadersthepoweroftheatomwithoutdestroyingthetwocities.TellersaidheregrettedthatheandotherscientistsdidnotseektodemonstrateAmericanpowerinsomeotherwaytoinfluenceJapantoendthewar.Tellersaid:Ifwec