美国名人报纸发行人威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特.docx

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1、美国名人报纸发行人威廉伦道夫赫斯特WilliamRandolphHearstz1863-1951:HeCreatedWhatWasOncetheNationsLargestNewspaperOrganizationplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:04repeatByCynthiaKirk2007-6-23ANNOUNCER:WelcometotheVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,SteveEmberandRichKleinfeldttellaboutAmericanpublisher.MisterHears

2、tcreatedwhatwasoncethenationslargestnewspaperorganization.HeboughtnewspapersinmanyareasoftheUnitedStates.Hespentmillionsofdollarstogainreadersinsometimesshockingways.HeforeverchangedtheAmericannewspaperbusiness.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WilliamRandolphHearstwasborninSanFranciscoineighteensixty-three.Hewastheo

3、nlychildofGeorgeHearstandPhoebeAppersonHearst.Hisfatherbecamerichbydevelopingmines.Hismotherwasaphilanthropistwhogavehertimeandmoneytohelpothers.WilliamRandolphHearsthadeverythinghewantedasachild.But,hewasarebel.Ineighteeneighty-five,hewasexpelledfromHarvard,oneofthebestuniversitiesinAmerica,forplay

4、ingajokeonaprofessor.GeorgeHearstwantedhissontotakecontrolofdevelopingtheminesorthelandheowned.ButWilliamhadotherdesires.HebecameinterestedinnewspaperswhileatHarvard.HestartedworkingasareporterfortheNewYorkWorldnewspaperownedbyJosephPulitzer.VOICETWO:GeorgeHearstownedtheSanFranciscoExaminernewspaper

5、.Buthewasmoreinterestedinpoliticsthaninnewspaperpublishing.Ineighteeneighty-seven,GeorgeHearstbecameaUnitedStatessenator.HegavecontrolofthenewspapertohissonWilliamwhowastwenty-three.WilliamRandolphHearstwantedtocreateanewspaperthatpeoplewouldtalkabout.Heworkedlonghoursandputhighenergyintohisnewspape

6、r.Heemployedsomeofthebestreportersandwritershecouldfind.And,hepaidthemthehighestwages.MisterHearstimprovedtheappearanceofhisnewspaperandboughtmodernequipment.Healsoimprovedrelationswithadvertisers.Advertiserspaytohavetheirproductsshowninnewspaperstoincreasesales.Newspapersprofitfromthemoneypaidbyadv

7、ertisers.NewsstoriesintheSanFranciscoExaminerwerewrittenwithforce,energyandexcitement.Somestorieswerewrittentoshockreadersandaffectthememotionally.However;thestoriesweresimpleandeasytoread.MisterHearstbelievedindoingwhateverittooktogetreaders.Hisnewspaperpolicywas:makethenewscomplete;printallthenews

8、;shortenitifnecessary,butgetitin.ThatbecamethepolicyinnewsroomsacrossAmerica.VOICEONE:Byeighteenninety-one,theSanFranciscoExaminerhadthreetimesmorereadersandadvertisersthanwhenMisterHearsttookcontrolofthenewspaper.Inlessthanfiveyears,WilliamRandolphHearstmadethenewSanFranciscoExaminerahugesuccess.Mi

9、sterHearstrepeatedhissuccessinNewYorkCity.Heborrowedfivemilliondollarsfromhismothertopurchaseasecondnewspaper;theNewYorkJournal.Inhisfirsttwomonths,heincreasedthenumberofcopiessoldfromthirtythousandtoonehundredthousand.JosephPulitzerwasaverysuccessfulpublisherinNewYork.MisterHearstsharedMisterPulitz

10、ersexcitementandenergyaboutthenewspaperbusiness.Duringtheeighteennineties,MisterHearstandMisterPulitzerbeganafiercenewspaperwar.MisterHearsthiredmanyreportersfromMisterPulitzersNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Hepaidthemmorethantwotimesasmuchastheyhadbeenearning.HealsoreducedthepriceofhisnewspaperbelowMisterPu

11、litzers.VOICETWO:MisterHearstwonreadersbymakingthenewsmoreexcitingandentertaining.Hecreatedakindofnewspaperreportingknowntodayasyellowjournalism.Newseventsweremadetoseemgreaterthantheyreallywere.Hismethodswentbeyondwhatwouldbeacceptedtodayinmajornewspapers.Criticssaidhisnewspaperswereonlyforentertai

12、nment.Yetmanyothernewspaperstriedtocopyhismethods.MisterHearstattackedbigbusinessesanddishonestpoliticiansinhisnewspapers.Therewerealsoreportsaboutse,murderandothercrimes.Hisnewspapersbecameavoiceforworkingpeopleandthepoor.Hisinfluencegrewacrossthenationthroughhisnewspapersandthemagazinesheboughtorb

13、egan.VOICEONE:ManyexpertssayMisterHearstsreportingmethodsandhisbattlewithMisterPulitzerforreadersledtotheSpanish-AmericanWar.Ineighteenninety-eight,theUnitedStatesfoughtSpaintohelpthepeopleofCubagainindependencefromSpain.MisterHearstsnewspapershadaccusedSpainofsinkingtheAmericanbattleshipMaineandkil

14、lingtwohundredfiftysailors.Thisincreasedpublicsupportforthewar.However,itstillisnotknownhowtheshipsank.ThewargreatlyincreasedreadersfortheHearstpublications.MisterHearstsbattlewithcompetitorswidenedafterthewar.SomenewspapersblamedhimwhenPresidentWilliamMcKinleywasmurderedinnineteen-oh-one.Theassassi

15、nationhappenedafteroneoftheHearstnewspapersseemedtosuggestkillingMisterMcKinley.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Intheearlynineteenhundreds,WilliamRandolphHearstbecamedeeplyinvolvedinpolitics.HerepresentedNewYorkintheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativesfromnineteen-oh-threetonineteen-oh-seven.Innineteen-oh-foGheunsucc

16、essfullysoughttheDemocraticnominationforpresident.HealsofailedinhiscampaignstobecomegovernorofNewYorkormayorofNewYorkCity.MisterHearsthadhopedtochangethewaythingswerebeingdoneinNewYorkCity.HehopedtodefeatdishonestNewYorkCitypoliticianswhocontrolledthecityatthetime.MisterHearstalsocampaignedagainstbigbusiness.Hesupportedlaborunionsandgovernmentownershipofpublicutilities,railroads,andotherbigcompanies.And,hesou