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1、THEWORLDBANKIBROIDAIWCLCftAM(MOP11XKAnNAlENERGYtHASmEnablingForeignDirectInvestmentintheRenewableEnergySectorReducingRegulatoryRisksandPreventingInvestor-StateConflicts2023TheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariat1818HStreetNWWashington,DC20433Telephone:Internet:WWW.wor1dbQnk.oQSomerightsreser

2、ved.ThisreportisaproductoftheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariat.TheWorldBankGroupreferstothememberinstitutionsoftheWorldBankGroup:TheWorldBank(InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment);InternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC);andMultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency(MIGA),whicharesepar

3、ateanddistinctlegalentitieseachorganizedunderitsrespectiveArticlesofAgreement.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheDirectorsorExecutiveDirectorsoftherespectiveinstitutionsoftheWorldBankGrouporthegovernmentstheyrepresent,theEnergyCharterSecretar

4、iatortheirstaff.TheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatdonotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthisreport.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariatconcerningthelegalstatusofanyter

5、ritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.NothinghereinshallconstituteorbeconsideredtobealimitationuponorwaiveroftheprivilegesandimmunitiesofTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariat,allofwhicharespecificallyreserved.Thematerialinthispublicationiscopyrighted.Copyingand/ortransmittingportion

6、sorallofthisworkwithoutpermissionmaybeaviolationofapplicablelaw.TheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatencouragethedisseminationofitsworkandwillnormallygrantpermissiontoreproduceportionsoftheworkpromptly.Anydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,ortheuseofthetermscoun

7、try,stateorgovernmentinthisdocument,iswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritoryorarea,aswellastothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundaries.Attribution-Pleasecitetheworkasfollows:WorldBankandEnergyCharterSecretariat2023.EnablingForeignDirectInvestmentinRenewableEnergySector

8、:ReducingRegulatoryRisksandPreventingInvestor-StateConflicts.WorldBank,Washington,DC.Translation:Ifyoucreateatranslationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbyTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariatandshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialWorldBank

9、orEnergyCharterSecretariattranslation.TheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariatshallnotbeliableforanycontentorerrorinthistranslation.Adaptations:Ifyoucreateanadaptationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbyTheWorldBankandtheEnergyCharte

10、rSecretariat.ViewsandopinionsexpressedintheadaptationarethesoleresponsibilityoftheauthororauthorsoftheadaptationandarenotendorsedbyTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariat.Third-partycontent:TheWorldBankandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatdonotnecessarilyowneachcomponentofthecontentcontainedwithinthework

11、.TheWorldBankandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatthereforedonotwarrantthattheuseofanythird-partyownedindividualcomponentorpartcontainedintheworkwillnotinfringeontherightsofthosethirdparties.Theriskofclaimsresultingfromsuchinfringementrestssolelywithyou.Ifyouwishtore-useacomponentofthework,itisyourresponsi

12、bilitytodeterminewhetherpermissionisneededforthatre-useandtoobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightowner.Examplesofcomponentscaninclude,butarenotlimitedto,tables,figures,orimages.Allqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtotheOfficeofthePublisher,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreet

13、NW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:;e-mail:QUbrightSw。IIdbQnk.orq.ISBN978-905948-246-3(pdf)ContentsAcknowledgements4AbbreviationsandAcronyms5ExecutiveSummary6Chapter 1: Introduction9Chapter 2: InvestmentinRenewableEnergy13Totalinvestmentinrenewables15Foreigndirectinvestmentinrenewables17Politicalriskinre

14、newableenergyprojects18Reducingregulatoryrisks21Chapter 3: Investor-StateDisputesinRenewableEnergy23Claimants24Subsectors25Maincausesofdisputes26Instrumentsinvoked29Outcomeofproceedings29Chapter 4: ExistingMeasuresforManagingConflictsbetweenInvestorsandtheHostCountry34Mechanismsininternationalinvest

15、mentagreements34State-to-statecooperationthroughbilateralinstitutionalmechanisms38Mechanismstopreventormanagegrievancesatthenationallevel40Mechanismsestablishedthroughcontractualarrangements44Chapter 5: MechanismstoReduceRegulatoryRisks,PreventConflictsandDisputesintheRenewableEnergySector55Appendix

16、es61Appendix A: Additionalfigures,Chapter161Appendix B: Foreigndirectinvestmentinrenewableenergy64Appendix C: Damagesclaimedanddamagesawarded65Appendix D: Additionalexamplesofcontractualarrangementstoresolveinvestorgrievances66Appendix E: Analysisoftheprobabilityofhavingdisputesinrenewablessectoraccordingtocountry-levelcharacteristics