美国名人黑人民权行动主义者罗莎·帕克斯.docx

《美国名人黑人民权行动主义者罗莎·帕克斯.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国名人黑人民权行动主义者罗莎·帕克斯.docx（4页珍藏版）》请在第壹文秘上搜索。

1、美国名人黑人民权行动主义者罗莎帕克斯RosaParks,1913-2005:MotheroftheAmericanCivilRightsMovementplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:33repeatByNancySteinbach2009-3-7VOICEONE:mPatBodnar.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutRosaParkszwhohasbeencalledthemotheroftheAmericancivilrightsmove

2、ment.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:RosaParksUntilthenineteensixties,blackpeopleinmanypartsoftheUnitedStatesdidnothavethesamecivilrightsaswhitepeople.LawsintheAmericanSouthkeptthetworacesseparate.Theselawsforcedblackpeopletoattendseparateschools,liveinseparateareasofacityandsitinseparateareasonabus.OnDecemberfirst

3、,nineteenfifty-five,inthesoutherncityofMontgomery,Alabama,aforty-twoyearoldblackwomangotonacitybus.Thelawatthattimerequiredblackpeopleseatedinoneareaofthebustogiveuptheirseatstowhitepeoplewhowantedthem.Thewomanrefusedtodothisandwasarrested.ThisactofpeacefuldisobediencestartedprotestsinMontgomerythat

4、ledtolegalchangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.ThewomanwhostarteditwasRosaParks.Today,wetellherstory.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShewasbornRosaLouiseMcCauleyinnineteen-thirteeninTuskegee,Alabama.Sheattendedlocalschoolsuntilshewaselevenyearsold.ThenshewassenttoschoolinMontgomery.Shelefthighschoolearlytocaref

5、orhersickgrandmother,thentocareforhermother.Shedidnotfinishhighschooluntilshewastwenty-one.RosamarriedRaymondParksinnineteenthirty-two.Hewasabarberwhocutmenshair.Hewasalsoacivilrightsactivist.Together,theyworkedforthelocalgroupoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.Innineteenforty-

6、three,MissusParksbecameanofficerinthegroupandlateritsyouthleader.RosaParkswasaseamstressinMontgomery.Sheworkedsewingclothesfromthenineteenthirtiesuntilnineteenfifty-five.ThenshebecamearepresentationoffreedomformillionsofAfrican-Americans.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:InmuchoftheAmericanSouthinthenineteenfifties,t

7、hefirstrowsofseatsoncitybuseswereforwhitepeopleonly.Blackpeoplesatinthebackofthebus.Bothgroupscouldsitinamiddlearea.However,blackpeoplesittinginthatpartofthebuswereexpectedtoleavetheirseatsifawhitepersonwantedtositthere.RosaParksisfingerprintedafterrefusingtomovetothebackofabus.RosaParksandthreeothe

8、rblackpeoplewereseatedinthemiddleareaofthebuswhenawhitepersongotonthebusandwantedaseat.Thebusdriverdemandedthatallfourblackpeopleleavetheirseatssothewhitepersonwouldnothavetositnexttoanyofthem.Thethreeotherblacksgotup,butMissusParksrefused.Shewasarrested.Somepopularstoriesaboutthatincidentincludethe

9、statementthatRosaParksrefusedtoleaveherseatbecauseherfeetweretired.Butsheherselfsaidinlateryearsthatthiswasfalse.Whatshewasreallytiredof,shesaid,wasacceptingunequaltreatment.Sheexplainedlaterthatthisseemedtobetheplaceforhertostopbeingpushedaroundandtofindoutwhathumanrightsshehad,ifany.VOICETWO:Agrou

10、pofblackactivistwomeninMontgomerywasknownastheWomensPoliticalCouncil.Thegroupwasworkingtoopposethemistreatmentofblackbuspassengers.Blackshadbeenarrestedandevenkilledforviolatingordersfrombusdrivers.RosaParkswasnotthefirstblackpersontorefusetogiveupaseatonthebusforawhiteperson.ButblackgroupsinMontgom

11、eryconsideredhertobetherightcitizenaroundwhomtobuildaprotestbecauseshewasoneofthefinestcitizensofthecity.ThewomensgroupimmediatelycalledforallblacksinthecitytorefusetorideoncitybusesonthedayofMissusParksstrial,Monday,Decemberfifth.Theresultwasthatfortythousandpeoplewalkedandusedothertransportationon

12、thatday.Thatnight,atmeetingsthroughoutthecity,blacksinMontgomeryagreedtocontinuetoboycottthecitybusesuntiltheirmistreatmentstopped.Theyalsodemandedthatthecityhireblackbusdriversandthatanyonebepermittedtositinthemiddleofthebusandnothavetogetupforanyoneelse.VOICEONE:MartinLutherKingJr.TheMontgomerybus

13、boycottcontinuedforthreehundredeighty-onedays.ItwasledbylocalblackleaderE.D.Nixonandayoungblackminister;MartinLutherKing,Junior.Similarprotestswereheldinothersoutherncities.Finally,theSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesruledonMissusParksscase.Itmaderacialseparationillegaloncitybuses.ThatdecisioncameonNove

14、mberthirteenth,nineteenfifty-six,almostayearafterMissusParkssarrest.TheboycottinMontgomeryendedthedayafterthecourtorderarrived,Decembertwentieth.RosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Juniorhadstartedamovementofnon-violentprotestintheSouth.ThatmovementchangedcivilrightsintheUnitedStatesforever.MartinLutherKin

15、gbecameitsfamousspokesman,buthedidnotlivetoseemanyoftheresultsofhiswork.RosaParksdid.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:1.ifebecameincreasinglydifficultforRosaParksandherfamilyafterthebusboycott.RosaParksandPresidentClintonafterhepresentedherwiththePresidentialMedalofFreedomin1996Shewasdismissedfromherjobandcouldnotfi

16、ndanother.SotheParksfamilyleftMontgomery.TheymovedfirsttoVirginia,thentoDetroit,Michigan.MissusParksworkedasaseamstressuntilnineteensixty-five.Then,MichiganRepresentativeJohnConyersgaveherajobworkinginhiscongressionalofficeinDetroit.Sheretiredfromthatjobinnineteeneighty-eight.Throughtheyears,RosaParkscontinuedtoworkfortheNAACPandappearedatcivilrightsevents.Shewasaquietwomanandoftenseemeduneasywithherfa