美国名人 作曲家指挥家 钢琴家 伦纳德·伯恩斯坦.docx

美国名人作曲家，指挥家钢琴家伦纳德伯恩斯坦1.eonardBernStein,1918-1990:Composer,Conductor,PianistandTeacher.playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:17repeatByJeriWatson2009-8-1ANNOUNCER:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,RichKleinfeldtandSarah1.ongtellaboutthelifeandworkofoneofthemostinfluentialmusiciansofthetwentiethcentury-1.eonardBernstein.(MUSIC)Thismusicwaswrittenby1.eonardBernstein.HecomposeditfortheopeningoftheJohnF.KennedyCenterforthePerformingArtsinWashington,D.C.zinnineteenseventy-one.VOICETWO:1.eonardBernsteinlivedfromnineteeneighteenuntilnineteenninety.Duringhisseventy-twoyearshewasoneofAmerica'smosthard-workingmusicians.Hewasacomposer;conductor,pianistandteacher.Hewrotebothseriousclassicalmusicandlightpopularmusic.HewasmusicaldirectoroftheNewYorkPhilharmonicOrchestraformorethantenyears.Heoftenplayedthepianowhileleadinganorchestraatthesametime.Hetaughtmanyothermusicians.And,heappearedontelevisionprogramsandwrotebookstohelppeople-especiallychildren-learnaboutmusic.VOICEONE:1.eonardBernstein1.eonardBernsteinwasbornin1.awrence,Massachusetts,onAugusttwenty-fifth,nineteeneighteen.HisparentswereJewsfromRussia.TheymetandmarriedintheUnitedStates.1.eonarddemonstratedearlyinlifethathehadspecialabilitiesinmusicHisfather,however,didnotbelievehissoncouldsupporthimselfasamusician.TheolderBernsteincontinuallyadvisedagainstit.1.uckily,hissonrejectedthisadvice.1.eonardstudiedmusicatHarvardUniversityandtheCurtisInstituteinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.HespentsummersatafamousmusiccenterinMassachusettscalledTanglewood.Therehestudiedconductingwithtwomajormusiciansofourtime-SergeKoussevitskyandFritzReiner.1.ater1.eonardBernsteinwouldreturntoTanglewoodtoteachalmosteverysummerofhislife.VOICETWO:Innineteenforty-three,1.eonardBernsteinbecameassistantconductoroftheNewYorkPhilharmonicOrchestra.InNovemberofthatyear,NewYorkPhilharmonicconductorBrunoWalterbecamesickandcouldnotconductanimportantconcert.MisterBernsteinwascalledtoleadtheorchestraverysoonbeforetheevent.Hehadlittletimetoprepare.StillfhedidsowellthattheNewYorkTimesnewspaperpublishedastorypraisinghiseffort.Thestoryappearedonthefrontpagethedayaftertheconcert.Afterthat,1.eonardBernsteinwasinvitedtoconductconcertsofalmosteverymajorAmericanorchestra.Innineteenfifty-eight,hebecamemusicaldirectoroftheNewYorkPhilharmonic.HewasthefirstAmericantoholdthatposition.Criticssaidthewellknownorchestrabecameevenbetterunderhisleadership.HewasthemainconductorofthePhilharmonicuntilheresignedinnineteensixty-seven.VOICEONE:1.eonardBernsteinbecameinvolvedinmanymoreprojectsafterleavingtheNewYorkPhilharmonic.Peoplesaidhewaslikeapowerfuloceanstorm.Heseemedtolivehiswholelifeinahurry.MisterBernsteintraveledaroundtheworldtoactasguestconductorofmanyorchestras.Hewrotemusicandtaughtmusic.Athome,heandhiswifezChileanactressFeliciaMontealegrezwereraisingtheirthreechildren.Theirhomewasagatheringplaceforsomeofthemostinfluentialartists,musiciansandwritersintheUnitedStates.AaronCoplandand1.eonardBernsteinVOICETWO:Astheyearspassed,1.eonardBernstein'smanymusicalskillsmadehimknownaroundtheworld.Hewonhighpraiseasapianist.1.istennowasheplays"PianoSonata"byhisfriendAaronCopland.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CriticssayBernsteinwrotesomeofhisbestworkinhisearlyyears.Hewrote"SymphonyNumberTwo,theAgeofAnxiety"innineteenforty-ninewhenhewasaboutthirty.MusicalexpertssaythepiececapturesthesoundsofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Thatpiecewasamongseverallargeworks1.eonardBernsteinwroteforsymphonyorchestrasovertheyears.HecomposedseveralsymphoniesthatdemonstratehisdeepinterestinhisJewishreligion.MisterBernsteinwroteothermajorclassicalworksthroughtheyearsforalargegroupofsingersandanorchestra.Healsocomposedoperasandballetmusic.ManypeoplethinktheseclassicalworksarenotasgreatassomeofhismusicalplaysforBroadwaysuchas"OntheTown/'"WonderfulTown"and"Candide."Somemusiccriticssay"Candide"isthebestmusic1.eonardBernsteineverwrote.(MUSIC)Themusical"WestSideStory"isconsidered1.eonardBernstein'smostfamouswork.ItopenedonBroadwayinNewYorkCityinnineteenfifty-seven.Itstillisbeingperformedallovertheworld.Theshowtellsastorysimilarto"RomeoandJuliet,"thefamousplaybyWilliamShakespeare.StephenSondheimwrotethewordstotheBernsteinmusic."WestSideStory"guaranteed1.eonardBernsteinaspecialplaceinAmericanmusicaltheater.Heretenor1.arryKertsings"Maria,"oneofthemostbeautifulsongsfrom"WestSideStory."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:1.eonardBernsteinworkedforthreeyearson"Mass,ATheaterPieceforSingersPlayersandDancers"tobeperformedattheKennedyCenteropening.Twohundredpeopleareinthishugework.ItsnamecomesfromthereligiousserviceoftheRomanCatholicChurch.ThestorytellsofayoungmanwholoseshisbeliefinGod."Mass"istheclosestMisterBernsteinevercametojoiningthestylesofBroadwayandclassicalmusic.Itcontainsrockmusic,bluesmusic,andreligiousmusic.VOICEONE:1.eonardBernsteinThroughouthislife,1.eonardBernsteinwasinvolvedwithsocialissuesaswellasmusic.HesupportedthecivilrightsmovementandopposedtheVietnamWar.HeconductedconcertstoraisemoneyforAIDSresearch.Inhis