美国名人 作家 马克·吐温.docx

美国名人作家马克吐温MarkTwain,1835-1910:OneofAmerica'sBestKnownandBest1.ovedWritersplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:39repeatByShelleyGollust2010-3-20Photo:loc.govMarkTwainwrotethe"TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFin"in1884.I,mBarbaraKlein.BOBDOUGHTY:AndmBobDoughtywithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodayWetellaboutoneofAmerica'sbest-knownwriters,MarkTwain.Wealsotalkabouthisfamousbook,"TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn."(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.ElN:MarkTwainwrote"TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn"ineighteeneighty-four.Sincethen,thebookhasbeenpublishedinatleastsixtylanguages.SomepeoplesayitisthebestbookevercreatedbyanAmericanwriter.Americanstudentsstillread"TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn."?Andparents,teachersandliteraryexpertsstilldebatetheissuesdiscussedinthebook.BOBDOUGHTY:ThewriterwhobecameMarkTwainwasbornSamuel1.anghorneClemensineighteenthirty-five.HegrewupinHannibalzMissouriontheMississippiRiver.A代erhisfatherdiedineighteenforty-seven,youngSamuelwenttoworkasanassistanttoapublisher.TenyearsIaterzhebecameapilotonasteamboatthatsailedontheMississippi.Heheardtheriverboatworkerscalloutthewords"marktwain!"?Thatwasameasureforthedepthofwater.Ineighteensixty-one,theAmericanCivilWarputanendtosteamboattrafficontheMississippi.SoClemenstraveledwestandbecameareporterfornewspapersinNevadaandCalifornia.BARBARAK1.日N:1.ater,hewrotefunnystoriesandcalledhimselfMarkTwain.Twainbecamefamousforhisstory,"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty"ineighteensixty-five.Ittellsaboutajumpingcompetitionamongfrogs.Twainalsotraveledalotandbeganwritingbooksabouthistravels.HisstoriesaboutatriptoEuropeandtheMiddleEastwerepublishedin"TheInnocentsAbroad."?AndhisstoriesaboutlifeinthewesternUnitedStatesbecamethebookcalled"RoughingIt."Ineighteenseventy,hemarriedOlivia1.angdonandmovedtoHartford,Connecticut.Duringtheeighteeneighties,hewrotebooksforchildren,suchas"ThePrinceandthePauper."?IttellsaboutapoorboywhotradesidentitieswithamemberofEngland,srulingfamily.Twainalsowrote"1.ifeontheMississippi."?Thisbookdescribeshisdaysasasteamboatpilotandhisreturntotherivertwentyyearslater.BOBDOUGHTY:MarkTwainwasalreadyasuccessfulwriterbeforehebecamefamousasapublicspeaker.Overtheyears,hehadinvestedalotofmoneyinunsuccessfulbusinesses.Ineighteenninety-three,hefoundhimselfdeeplyindebt.Sotoearnmoney,hetraveledaroundtheworldgivinghumoroustalks.Hisspeechesmadepeoplelaughandremembereventstheyhadexperienced.However,hislaterlifewasnotahappyone.Twoofhisdaughtersdied.Hiswifediedinnineteen-oh-fourafteralongsickness.SomecriticsthinkMarkTwain,Slaterworksweremoreseriousbecauseofhissadness.Hediedofheartfailureinnineteenten.(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.EIN:MarkTwainwasthefirstwritertousethespeechofcommonAmericansinhisbooks.HeshowedthatsimpleAmericanEnglishcouldbeasfineaninstrumentforgreatwritingasmorecomplexlanguage.Throughhisbooks,hecapturedAmericanexperiencesasnootherwriterhad.berkeley.eduAmericanauthorMarkTwainManyofthestoriestakeplaceinHannibal,Missouri.Thesmallwoodenhousewherehelivedasaboystillstandsthere.Nexttothehouseisawoodenfence.ItisthekinddescribedinTwain'Sbook,"TheAdventuresofTomSawyer/'publishedineighteenseventy-six.Inthatstory,Tomhasbeentoldtopaintthefence.Hedoesnotwanttodoit.Butheactsasifthejobisgreatfun.Hetricksotherboysintobelievingthis.Histrickissosuccessfulthattheyagreetopayhimmoneytoletthemfinishhiswork."TheAdventuresofTbmSawyer"isconsideredoneofthebestbooksaboutanAmericanboy,slifeintheeighteenhundreds.BOBDOUGHTY:TomSawyer,sgoodfriendisHuckleberry,or"Huck,"Finn.MarkTwaintellsthisboy'sstoryin"TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn."?Huckisapoorchild,withoutamotherorhome.Hisfatherdrinkstoomuchalcoholandbeatshim.Huck,ssituationhasfreedhimfromtherestrictionsofsociety.Heexploresinthewoodsandgoesfishing.Hestaysoutallnightanddoesnottogotoschool.Hesmokestobacco.Huckrunsawayfromhome.HemeetsJim,ablackmanwhohasescapedfromslavery.TheytraveltogetheronaraftmadeofwooddowntheMississippiRiver.Huckdescribesthetrip:READER:"Itwaslovelytoliveontheraft.Otherplacesseemsocrampedupandsmothery,butaraftdon't.Youfeelmightyfreeandeasyandcomfortableonaraft.Sometimeswe,dhavethatwholerivertoourselvesforthelongesttime.Wehadtheskyupthere,allspeckledwithstars,andweusedtolayonourbacksandlookupatthem,anddiscussaboutwhethertheywasmadeoronlyjusthappened.Jim,heallowedtheywasmade,butIallowedtheyhappened;Ijudgeditwouldhavetooktoolongtomakesomany."(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.日N:MarkTwainstartedwriting"HuckleberryFinn"asachildren'sstory.Butitsoonbecameserious.Thestorytellsaboutthesocialevilofslavery,seenthroughtheeyesofaninnocentchild.Huck,sideasaboutpeoplewereformedbythewhitesocietyinwhichhelived.Sozatfirst,hedoesnotquestionslavery.Huckknowsthatimportantpeoplebelieveslaveryisnatural,thelawofGod.So,hethinksitishisdutytotellJim'sownerswheretofindhim.HereispartofthestoryafterHuckdecideshemustdothis.READER:"IfeltgoodandallwashedcleanofsinforthefirsttimeIhadeverfelt.AndIknowedIcouldpraynow.ButIdidn'tdoitstraightoff,butlaidthepaperdownandsettherethinking-thinkinghowgooditwasallthishappenedso,andh