美国名人 作曲家、指挥家 艾伦·科普兰.docx

美国名人作曲家、指挥家艾伦科普兰AaronCopland,1900-1990:HeTaughtAmericansAboutThemselvesThroughHisMusicplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:34repeat(MUSIC)mSteveEmber.AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutAaronCopland,oneOfAmerica1Sbestmodernmusiccomposers.(MUSIC)AaronCoplandwrotemanykindsofmusic.Hewrotemusicfortheorchestra,pianozandvoice.Hewrotemusicforplays,moviesanddance.Coplandalsowasaconductor;PianiSt,speaker;teacherandauthor.MusiccriticssayCoplandtaughtAmericansaboutthemselvesthroughhismusic.HeusedpartsofmanyoldtraditionalAmericanfolksongsinhiswork.HewasinfluencedtodothisafterstudyingmusicinFrance.HesaidthatcomposerstherehadaveryFrenchwayofwritingmusic.HesaidAmericanshadnothinglikethatinthiscountry.SohedecidedtocomposemusicthatwastrulyAmerican.AaronCoplandwasborninnineteenhundredinBrookIynzNewYork.Hewastheyoungestoffivechildren.HisparentshadcometotheUnitedStatesfromeasternEurope.TheyownedastoreinBrooklyn.Aaronbeganplayingthepianowhenhewasayoungchild.Hewrotehisfirstsongforhismotherwhenhewaseightyearsold.Hisdreamsofbecomingacomposerbeganwhenhewasyoung.Whenhewassixteen,heurgedhisparentstolethimstudycomposingwithRubinGoldmark.GoldmarkhadtaughtthecomposerGeorgeGershwin.Whenhewasinhisearlytwenties,CoplandwenttoPariswherehestudiedmusicwithNadiaBoulanger.Shewasoneofthemostimportantmusicteachersofthetime.HereturnedtoNewYorkinnineteentwenty-four.ThefamousconductoroftheBostonSymphonyOrchestra,SergeKoussevitzky,learnedaboutCopland'smusic.KoussevitzkyledtheorchestraforthefirstperformanceofCopland'searlywork,"MusicfortheTheater/'innineteentwenty-five.KoussevitzkyalsoconductedCopland's"ConcertoforPianoandOrchestra"innineteentwenty-seven.ThisworkwasunusualbecauseCoplandusedideasfromjazzmusicinhisconcerto.CoplandlaterwrotethemusicfortwoballetsabouttheAmericanWest.OnewasaboutthelifeofafamousgunfightercalledBillytheKid.CoplandusedmusicfromAmericancowboysongsinthiswork.Thispiecefrom"BillytheKid:BalletSuite"iscalled"StreetinaFrontierTown."(MUSIC)Innineteenforty-two,theConductorAndreKostelanetzaskedCoplandtowritemusicaboutagreatAmerican,Abraham1.incoln.Coplandwrote"1.incolnPortrait"tohonorAmerica'ssixteenthpresident.Copland'smusicincludedpartsofAmericanfolksongsandsongspopularduringtheAmericanCivilWar.HeaddedwordsfromPresident1.incoln'sspeechesandletters."1.incolnPortrait"hasbeenperformedmanytimesinAmerica.Manyfamouspeoplehavedonethespeakingpart.EleanorRooseveltzthewifeofPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,wasoneofthem.Here,actorJamesEarlJonesperformsinCopland's"1.incolnPortrait."(MUSIC)Alsoinnineteenforty-two,themusicdirectoroftheCincinnatiSymphonyOrchestraaskedeighteencomposerstowritemusicexpressingloveforAmerica.Forthecompetition,Coplandcomposed"FanfarefortheCommonMan."ThismusicisplayedinAmericaduringmanynationalevents,includingsomepresidentialinaugurations.(MUSIC)Expertssay"FanfarefortheCommonMan"wasanexampleofCopland'schangeindirectionduringthenineteenforties.Hebeganwritingmusicthatwasmoreeasilyunderstoodandmorepopular.Coplandwroteaboutthisinnineteenforty-oneinhisbook,"OurNewMusic."Hewrotethatawholenewpublicformusichaddevelopedasaresultofthepopularityoftheradioandrecordplayer.Hesaidthattherewasnoreasontocontinuewritingmusicasifthesedevicesdidnotexist.Sohedecidedtowritemusicinasimplerway.Coplandspreadhisideasaboutmusicinotherways.HetaughtattheNewSchoolforSocialResearchinNewYorkCityandatHarvardUniversityinCambridgezMassachusetts.OneofthemanyawardshereceivedwasthePulitzerPrize.Hewonitinnineteenforty-fiveforhisfamousmusicforaballetcalled"AppalachianSpring."Itisoneofhismostpopularworks.Thelastpartoftheballetisbasedonatraditionalsong,"AGifttobeSimple."(MUSIC)Coplandalsowrotemusicforseveralmajormotionpictures.HewonanAcademyAwardinnineteenfiftyforcomposingthemusicforthefilm,"TheHeiress."Then,hebeganexperimentingwithwhatiscalledatwelve-tonesystemofcomposing.Hismusicnolongerwasaseasytounderstand,oraspopular.Coplandstoppedcomposingattheendofthenineteensixties.Yethecontinuedtobeactiveasaconductorandspeaker.Innineteeneighty-two,QueensCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkestablishedtheAaronCoplandSchoolofMusic.Coplandwasastrongsupporterofliberalideas.Intheearlynineteen-fifties,heandotherfamouswriters,actorsandintellectualswereaccusedofsupportingcommunism.Publicopinionchanged,though.Innineteensixty-fourzPresident1.yndonJohnsonpresentedhimwiththePresidentialMedalofFreedom.ItisAmerica'shighestawardtocivilians.AaronCoplanddiedinnineteenninetyattheageofninety.Buthismusicliveson.(MUSIC)ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.Itwasproducedby1.awanDavis.mSteveEmber.AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprograminVOASpecialEnglish.