美国名人 网球运动员 民权活动家 阿瑟·阿什.docx

美国名人网球运动员民权活动家阿瑟阿什ArthurAshe,1943-1993:TennisChampionandCivilRightsActivistplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:43repeatByVivianChakarian2010-2-6BARBARAK1.EIN:mBarbaraKlein.STEVEEMBER:ArthurAsheAndmSteveEmberwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthelifeoftennischampionArthurAshe.Hewasanathleteandasocialactivistwhodiedbeforehewasfifty.Hewashonoredforhisbraveryandhonestyaswellashisstrongsupportofjustcauses.BARBARAK1.EIN:Innineteenseventy-five,ArthurAsheplayedagainstIlieNastaseintheMasterstennisgamesinStockholm,Sweden.Nastasewasoutofcontrol.Hedelayedthegame.HecalledAshebadnames.Finally,ArthurAsheputdownhistennisracketandwalkedoffthetenniscourt.Hesaid,'Tvehadenough.matthepointwheremafraidlllosecontrol."Theofficialswereshocked;Ashewaswinningthegame.Oneofficialtoldhimhewouldloseifhewalkedoutofthegame.Ashesaid,"Idon'tcare.dratherlosethatthanmyself-respect.,ThenextdayztheMasterscommitteemet.TheyknewthatiftheygavethegametoNastase,theywouldbesupportinghiskindofactions.Theyfeltitwashowyouplayedthegamethatreallycounted.So,theofficialsdecideditwasNastasewhomustlosethegame.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:ArthurAshewasborninnineteenforty-threeinthesoutherncityofRichmond,Virginia.HisparentswereMattieCunninghamAsheandArthurAshe,Senior.Inthosedays,blackpeopleandwhitepeoplelivedseparatelyintheSouth.Bylaw,African-Americanscouldnotattendthesameschoolsorthesamechurchesaswhitepeople.Arthurlearnedtolivewithracialseparation.Heattendedanall-blackschool.Heplayedintheareaskeptseparateforblacks.Andwhenhetraveledtohisgrandmother'shouse,hesatinthebackofthebusbehindawhiteline.Onlywhitepeoplecouldsitinthefrontpartofthebus.Tenniswasasporttraditionallyplayedbywhitepeople.Arthur'sexperiencewasdifferentfrommostothertennisplayers.Hegrewupunderpoorerconditions.Hisfatherworkedseveraljobsatthesametime.Andhismotherdiedwhenhewassix.BARBARAK1.EIN:MisterAshetaughthissontheimportanceofleadinganhonorablelife.Hesaidapersondoesnotgetanywhereinlifebymakingenemies.Heexplainedthatapersongainsbyhelpingothers.ArthurAshe,Seniortaughthissontheimportanceofhisfriends,hisfamilyandhishistory.Hesaidthatwithouthisgoodname,hewouldbenothing.Byexample,Arthur'sfathertaughttheimportanceofhardwork.Hisjobwastodrivepeoplewheretheywantedtogo.Andhedidotherkindsofjobsforseveralwealthyfamilies.STEVEEMBER:WhenArthurwasfour,hisfatherwasgivenresponsibilityforapublicplayareacalledBrookField.ItwasthelargestplayareaforblackpeopleinthecityofRichmond.MisterAshecontinuedtoworkathisotherjobsaswell.Thefamilymovedintoafive-roomhouseinthemiddleofthepark.Arthurcouldusetheswimmingpool,basketballcourts,baseballfieldsandtenniscourtsinthepark.Helikedsports.Hewasnotverybig,buthewasfast.Arthurbeganplayingtenniswhenhewassevenyearsold.Hewasverysmall.Theracketheusedtohitthetennisballseemedbiggerthanhewas.Butbythetimehewasthirteenyearsold,hewaswinningagainstplayerstwotimeshissizeandage.Arthurhadgreatenergyandsenseofpurpose.Hewouldhitfivehundredtennisballseachsummerdayearlyinthemorning.Hewouldstoptoeathismorningmeal.Thenhewouldhitfivehundredmoretennisballs.BARBARAK1.EIN:WhenArthurwastenyearsold,hemetRobertWalterJohnson.DoctorJohnsonestablishedatenniscampforblackchildrenwhowerenotpermittedtoplayontenniscourtsforwhites.DoctorJohnsonhelpedArthurlearntobecalmwhileplayingtennis.Hetaughthimtouserestraint.Hesaidthatangeratanopponentwasawasteofenergy.Bynineteensixty,ArthurhadwontheNationalJuniorIndoorChampionship.And,theUniversityofCaliforniaat1.osAngelesofferedhimacollegeeducationifheplayedfortheUC1.Atennisteam.Innineteensixty-five,ArthurAsheledtheteamtotheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociationchampionship.Hecompletedhiseducationthenextyearwithadegreeinbusinessadministration.STEVEEMBER:ArthurAshethenbecameaprofessionaltennisplayer.Innineteensixty-eightzhewontheUnitedStatesOpen.ItwasthefirsttimeanAfrican-Americanmanhadwononeofthefourmajorcompetitionsintennis.Innineteenseventy,hewontheAustralianOpen.Thenextyear;hewontheFrenchOpenDoublesChampionshipwithMartyRiessen.And,innineteenseventy-five,hewontheWimbledonSinglesChampionshipinEngland.Twotimeshewasnamedthenumberonetennisplayerintheworld.(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.EIN:Throughouthislife,ArthurAshefoughtagainstsocialinjustice.Hesupportedracialequalityandtriedtobringblacksandwhitestogether.Innineteenseventy-three,AshewasthefirstblackplayertobeinvitedtocompeteintheSouthAfricanOpen.Atthetime,SouthAfricanlawsseparatedpeoplebyrace.Asheknewwhyhewasinvited.HeknewthattheSouthAfricangovernmentwastryingtochangeitsimagesoitcouldtakepartintheOlympicGames.Heagreedtogo,butonhisownterms.Heplayedbeforearaciallymixedgroup.And,hewentwhereverhepleasedandsaidwhathewanted.STEVEEMBER:ArthurAshewentbacktoSouthAfricamanytimes.Hewentnotonlytofightagainstthesystemofracialseparation.Hewenttoshowtheoppressedchildrenofthecountrythathewasasuccessfulblackman.FormerSouthAfricanPresidentNelsonMandelaspenttwenty-sevenyearsinprison.A代erhisrelease,thefirstpersonMandelaaskedtoseeduringhisvisittotheUnitedStateswasArth