美国名人 现代舞蹈家 伊莎多拉邓肯.docx

美国名人现代舞蹈家伊莎多拉邓肯IsadoraDuncan,1877-1927:TheMotherofModernDanceplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:10repeatByJimTedder2010-8-28Photo:sfmuseum.orgIsadoraDuncanwascalledthe"MotherofModernDance"MARIORITTER:I'mMarioRitterwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodayJimTeddertellsaboutmoderndancerIsadoraDuncan.(MUSIC)JIMTEDDER:AngelaIsadoraDuncanwasborninSanFranciscozCaliforniaineighteenseventy-seven.Shewastheyoungestoffourchildren.Herparents'marriageendedindivorcewhenIsadorawasthreeyearsold.Isadoraandherbrothersandsisterwereraisedbytheirmother;Mary.Thefamilywasverypoor.Isadorataughtdancelessonstolocalchildrentoearnextramoney.Shebeganteachingwhenshewasonlyfiveyearsold.MaryDuncantaughtherchildrenaboutmusic,dancing,thetheaterandliterature.YoungIsadorabelievedthiswasalltheeducationsheneeded.Shedidnotattendschoolforverylong.Shesaiditrestrictedherfromdancingandthinkingaboutthearts.Isadorawantedtomakedancingherlife'swork.Andshewantedtolivebyherownrules,notbywhatotherpeoplethoughtwasrightorwrong.ThekindofdancingIsadorawantedtodowasnewanddifferentfromotherdancesatthetime.Shethoughtdancingshouldbeanart,notjustentertainment.IsadoraDuncandidnotlikeballet.Shesaidthatballetdancershadtoomanyrulestofollowabouthowtheyshouldstandandbendandmove.Shesaidballetwas"uglyandagainstnature."Shewantedher"modern"dancestyletobefreeandnatural.Isadoralikedtomoveherarmsandlegsinverysmoothmotions.Shesaidthiswaslikewavesintheocean,ortreesswayinginthewind.Whenshedanced,IsadoraDuncanworeverythinclothing.Shewantedpeopletoseeherbodyassheranacrossthestage.Isadoraspentmostofherteen-agedyearsintheSanFranciscoarea.Shecontinuedtoteachdancingclasses,mostlytoyounggirls.ShealsovisitedlocallibrariestoreadtheworksofShakespeareandtostudyabouttheancientGreeks.Whenshewaseighteenyearsold,IsadoraurgedhermothertomovetoChicagoandthentoNewYork.ShethoughtdancinginthesetwolargecitieswouldhelphercareenShefoundworkinseveraldancecompaniesorgroupsofdancers.Butshehadtodanceasshewasdirectedtodo.Shedidnotdancealoneonthestageandcouldnotbecomethe"star"oftheshow.SometimesIsadoraDuncanwaspaidtodanceinthehomesofwealthypeopleoratpartiestheygaveintheirgardens.Butsoonitwashardtofindjobsthatpaidherenoughmoneyjusttosurvive.Inashorttime,shewasoutofworkandpooronceagain.Usingherlastdollars,sheboughtaticketonacattleboatandsailedtoEuropeineighteenninety-nine.(MUSIC)IsadoraDuncanarrivedin1.ondon.ShevisitedtheBritishMuseumeverydayforseveralmonths.ShestudiedGreekvasesandsculpturewiththeirimagesofancientGreekwomendancing.Innineteenhundred,shedancedforalargeaudienceat1.ondon's1.yceumTheater.Thepeoplelikedwhattheysaw.SoonartloversinthecityweretalkingaboutthisnewdancerfromtheUnitedStates.Peoplebegantothinkofherasagreattalent.IsadoraDuncanbeganusingthemusicofChopin,Strauss,Tchaikovsky,andWagnerinherperformances.Herfame,andwealth,begantogrow.Whenshedanced,IsadoraDuncanworeverythinclothing.Sometimesshedressedinlongwhitetunics,thekindofclothingwornbyancientGreekwomen.Shewantedpeopletoseeherbodyassheskipped,jumpedandranbarefootacrossthestage.Somepeoplecriticizedherfordoingthis.Theythoughtitwasnotmoraltodressthisway.Atthetime,mostwomenworedressesthatcoveredasmuchofthebodyaspossible,especiallythearmsandlegs.IsadoraDuncanmovedontoParis,Berlin,ViennaandtheothergreatcitiesofEurope.Shedancedandopeneddancingschools.Newspaperswroteabouther.Artistscreatedsculpture,jewelry,photographsandpaintingsofher.Andbynineteenten,IsadoraDuncanhadbecomethemostfamousdancerintheworld.(MUSIC)IsadoraDuncanwasoftenaskedtoexplainherstyleofdancingandtosayhowdanceasanartmightchangeovertime.Innineteen-oh-threezwhenshewastwenty-six,shemadeafamousspeechinBerlin.Shesaid:IsadoraDuncansaidballetwas"uglyandagainstnature."Shewantedher"modern"dancestyletobefreeandnatural."Natureisthesourceofthedance.Themovementofthewaves,ofwinds,oftheearthiseverinthesamelastingharmony.Wedonotstandonthebeachandinquireoftheoceanwhatwasitsmovementofthepastandwhatwillbeitsmovementinthefuture.Everycreaturemovesaccordingtoitsnature.thatisaccordingtoitsfeelingsandphysicalstructure.Themovementsofthesavagewerenaturalandbeautiful.SotoowerethemovementsoftheclassicalGreekswearingsimpletunicsandsandals."Inmyschool,Ishallnotteachthechildrentoimitatemymovements.buttomaketheirown.Theprimaryorfundamentalmovementsofthenewschoolofthedancemusthavewithinthemtheseedsfromwhichwillevolveallothermovements,eachinturntogivebirthtoothersinanunendingsequenceofstillhigherandgreaterexpression,thoughts,andideas."Thedancerofthefuturewillbeonewhosebodyandsoulhavegrownsoharmoniouslytogetherthatthenaturallanguageofthatsoulwillhavebecomethemovementofthebody.Thisisthemissionofthedancerofthefuture.Sheiscoming,thedancerofthefuture:thefreespirit,whowillinhabitthebodyofnewwomen;moregloriousthananywomanthathasyetbeen;morebeautifulthanallwomeninpastcenturies:Thehighestintelligenceinthefreestbody."(MUSIC)JIMTEDDER:IsadoraDuncanhadveryliberalideasforthetime.Shebelievedinequalrightsforwomen.Shedidnotthi