美国名人 黑人小说家 拉尔夫艾里森.docx

美国名人黑人小说家拉尔夫艾里森RalphEllison,1914-1994：HlsBookz*InvisibleMan,"WonAwardsandisStillDiscussedTodayplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:38repeatByRichardThorman2010-9-18Photo：APRalphEllisonfNewYorkauthor,isawitness.August30,1966,ataSenateSubcommitteehearinginWashingtonduringcontinuinghearingsontheracialproblemsinbigcities.BARBARAK1.EIN:I'mBarbaraKlein.STEVEEMBER:AndI'mSteveEmberwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutwriterRalphEllisonandhisfamousnovel"InvisibleMan."Thebookisaboutanamelessblackman'ssearchforhsidentityandplacensociety.(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.EIN：RalphEHiSOn'snovel"InvisibleMan",waspublishedinnineteenfifty-two.Ellisonwasatoncecalledamajor11evwriter.ThebookwontheNationalBookAward,ahighandrarehonorforafirstnovel.Sincethenmillionsofcopieshavebeenprinted.Thebookisstillusedinmanyuniversitiesandotherschools.Oneprofessorsaidthathehasusedthebookinhisteachingfortwenty-fiveyears.Hesaidthateachtimehereturnsto"InvisibleMan"hefindsnewideasinrtEllisonwritesinthebeginningofhisbook:READER:*1amaninvisibleman.Iamamanofsubstance,fleshandbone,fiberandliquidsandImightevenbesaidtopossessamind.Iaminvisible,understand,simplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme.Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundings,Chemselveszorfigmentsoftheirimagination-indeed,everythingandanythingexceptme."STEVEEMBER:Fromthestart,"InvisibleMan"wasabookthatchangedthewaywhiteAmericansthoughtaboutblackAmericans.ItalsochangedthewayblackAmericansthoughtaboutthemselves.Anditcausedmajordisputesamongbothblackandwhitecritics.Blackcriticssaidthebookwastoodifficulttoread.Oneblackcriticsaidthattheblackmanneeded"InvisibleMan"likeheneededaknifeinhsback.AnotherblackwriterdismissedEllisonbecauseEllisondemandedthatwritingskillsmustbelearnedbeforepoliticalideascanbeexpressed.Somewhitecriticsrefusedtoacceptablackwriterwhodidnotwritefromdirectangeratwhites.Theyseemedtowanthimnottowritefromhismind,butfromthecolorofhisskin.Yetthebookcontinuestolivelongaftermostpeoplehaveforgottenthedisputes.(MUSIC)APRalphEllisonwasoneofsixfinalistsforanawardfromtheNationalBookFoundationforthebestfictionwinnerinthefoundation'sawards60yearhistory.(1964)BARBARAK1.EIN:RalphEllisonwasborninnineteenfourteen,inOklahomaCityzOklahoma.HisfatherdiedwhenRalphwasthree.Hismothersupportedherselfandhersonbycleaningotherpeople'shouses.Shealsosupportedherson'sinterestinmusicandwriting.Shewouldtakehomeoldmusicrecordingsandmagazinesfromthehouseswheresheworked.Ralphlikedjazzrandplayedtrumpetinhishighschoolband.Hedreamedofwritingseriousmusic.STEVEEMBER:Innineteenthirty-three,Ralphenteredablackuniversity.TuskegeeInstitute,inthestateofAlabama.Hewantedtostudymusic.HemovedtoNewYorkCityinnineteenthirty-six.Hestillplannedtostudymusicandart.However,thatsameyearheranoutofmoneyandcouldnolongerattendschool.ThenineteenthirtiesinAmericaweredifficulteconomictimes.Therewerenotmanyjobstobefound,andevenfewerforblackmen.Ellisonworkedatmanythings.Heshinedpeople'sshoes.Heplayedtrumpetinajazzband.HeworkedfortheYoungMen'sChristianAssociation.Heworkedinfactories.Heworkedforabrieftimetakingpictures.1.ackofmoneywasanimportantreasonforRalphEllisonbecomingawriter.Hesaid:READER:"Ihavealwaysreadalot,andIbegantorealizeIhadacertaintalentforit.ItwasnoteasytobethekindofmusicianIwantedtobe:IdidnothaveenoughmoneytogotoJuilliard(schoolofmusic.SoIstuckwithwhatIhad."BARBARAK1.EIN:InNewYorkCity,EllisonjoinedtheFederalWritersProject.ThiswasaprogramcreatedduringFranklinRoosevelt'spresidencytokeepwritersemployedatwriting.Hemettwoimportantblackwriters,1.angstonHughesandRcardWright.Weightsoonwouldpublish"NativeSon,"thebkthatmadehimfamous.1.ater,duringWorldWarTwozEllisonservedasacookintheUnitedStatesMerchantMarine.MerchantmarineshipscarriedwarsuppliestoAmericanandalliedsoldiers.ForEllisonfthewarwasatimeoflearningandtryingtowrite.HereadbooksbytheAmericanwritersT.S.Eliot,ErnestHemingway,andWilliamFaulkner.AndhereadbooksbyforeignwritersliketheInshWriterJameSJoyce.STEVEEMBER:RalphEllison'sstorieswerefirstpublishedduringWorldWarTwo.Whenthewarwasover,hevisitedafriendinthestateofVermont.Ellisonsaid:READER:,'0nedayIwrote,'Iamaninvisibleman.'Ididnotknowwhatthosev/ordsrepresentedatthestart,andIhadnothoughtaboutwhatgavemetheidea."AP"TheInvisibleMan*sculpturestandsinfrontofthelongtimehomeofacclaimedauthorRalphEllisoninNewYork,sWestHarlem.STEVEEMBER:Thebookthatstartedwiththosewordstookalmostsevenyearstowrite.(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.EIN:1.ikemanyothernovels,Ellison'sstoryisaseriesofexperiencesasthestorytellerlearnstodealwithlife.Yetzunlikeothernovels,"InvisibleMan"takesplaceinadream-likeatmosphereintheUnitedStates.Itisaworldwheredreamscomeclosetoreality,andtherealworldlookslikeafrighteningdream.Themantellinghisstoryin"InvisibleMan"livesInahiddenundergroundspace.Buttoprovethatheexists,atleasttohimselfrhehaslithisundergroundroomwithonethousandthreehundredsixtninelights.Theyremainlitwithpowerhehasstolenfromtheelectriccompany.InmuchofEllison,snovelthepersontellingthestoryisavictim,usuallyof