加强黑山基于自然的解决方案（英）.docx

UCNEnhancingNature-basedSolutionsinMontenegroTheroleofecosystemsindisasterriskreductionandclimatechangeadaptationTanjaPopovicki,VeronicaRuizandDaisyHessenbergerNATuf-useo$otuT»OH$ttsuewSOClrr心INTHEWESTERNBA1.KANSSidaAboutIUCNIUCNisamembershipUnionuniquelycomposedofbothgovernmentandcivilsocietyorganisations.Itprovidespublic,privateandnon-governmentalorganisationswiththeknowledgeandtoolsthatenablehumanprogress,economicdevelopmentandnatureconservationtotakeplacetogether.Createdin1948,IUCNisnowtheworld,slargestandmostdiverseenvironmentalnetwork,harnessingtheknowledge,resourcesandreachofmorethan1,400Memberorganisationsandsome15,000experts.Itisaleadingproviderofconservationdata,assessmentsandanalysis.ItsbroadmembershipenablesIUCNtofilltheroleofincubatorandtrustedrepositoryofbestpractices,toolsandinternationalstandards.IUCNprovidesaneutralspaceinwhichdiversestakeholdersincludinggovernments,NGOs5scientists,businesses,localcommunities,Indigenouspeoples*organisationsandotherscanworktogethertoforgeandimplementsolutionstoenvironmentalchallengesandachievesustainabledevelopment.Workingwithmanypartnersandsupporters,IUCNimplementsalargeanddiverseportfol100fconservationprojectsworldwide.Combiningthelatestsciencewiththetraditionalknowledgeoflocalcommunities,theseprojectsworktoreversehabitatloss,restoreecosystemsandimprovepeople,swell-being.www.iucn.orciEnhancingNature-basedSolutionsinMontenegroTheroleofecosystemsindisasterriskreductionandclimatechangeadaptationTanjaPopovicki,VeronicaRuizandDaisyHessenbergerThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesinthisbook,andthepresentationofthematerial,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofIUCNorotherparticipatingorganisationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,orarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationdonotnecessarilyreflectthoseofIUCNorotherparticipatingorganisations.IUCNispleasedtoacknowledgethesupportofitsFrameworkPartnerswhoprovidecorefunding:MinistryofForeignAffairs,Denmark;MinistryforForeignAffairs,Finland;GovernmentofFranceandtheFrenchDevelopmentAgency(AFD);MinistryofEnvironment,RepublicofKorea;MinistryoftheEnvironment,ClimateandSustainableDevelopment,GrandDuchyof1.uxembourg;theNorwegianAgencyforDevelopmentCooperation(Norad);theSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(Sida);theSwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation(SDC)andtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofState.ThispublicationhasbeenmadepossibleinpartbyfundingfromtheSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(Sida).Publishedby:Producedby:Copyright:IUCN,Gland,SwitzerlandIUCNRegionalOfficeforEasternEuropeandCentralAsia(ECARO)©2023IUCN,InternationalUnionforConservationofNatureandNaturalResourcesReproductionofthispublicationforeducationalorothernon-commercialpurposesisauthorisedwithoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightholderprovidedthesourceisfullyacknowledged.Reproductionofthispublicationforresaleorothercommercialpurposesisprohibitedwithoutpriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightholder.Recommendedcitation:Popovicki,T.,Ruiz,V.,&Hessenberger,D.(2023).EnhancingNature-basedSolutionsinMontenegro:Theroleofecosystemsindisasterriskreductionandclimatechangeadaptation.Gland,Switzerland:IUCN.Frontcoverphoto:1.akeSkadar,Montenegro.PhotobyBoudewijnBoer,Unsplash.1.ayoutby:IUCNECAROTableofcontentsExecutivesummaryivAcknowledgementsviiiAcronymsix1. Purposeandmethodologyofthescopingstudy11.1 TheADAPTproject12. Introduction23. Montenegrocountrycontextandbasicdata43.1 Geography43.2 Socioeconomiccontext63.3 Gendercontext83.4 Environmentalcontext83.5 Forests103.6 Water113.7 Agriculturalland123.8 Climatechangecontext123.9 Disasterriskcontext143.9.1 Forestfires153.9.2 Floods163.9.3 Droughtsandheatwaves183.10 Natureprotection,ecosystemservicesandlanddegradation204. Stakeholderrolesandresponsibilities234.1 Stakeholderanalysis245. PolicyandstrategicframeworkforNbS265.1 Climatechange265.2 Disasterriskreduction315.3 GenderequalityinclimateandDRRpolicies335.4 NbSinotherstrategicdocuments355.4.1 Biodiversityandnatureprotection355.4.2 Forestry365.4.3 Watermanagement366. ExperienceswithNbS387. Conclusionsandrecommendations397.1 RecommendationsforNbSmainstreamingandapplication40Annex I: Stakeholderresponsibilities43Annex II: ProjectscomplementarytoNbS50ExecutivesummaryMontenegroisadisaster-pronecountryparticularlyvulnerabletoclimatechange,thusaffectingmultiplesectors-agriculture,biodiversity,energy,forestry,publichealth,coastalareasandmaritimeresources,tourism,andwaterresources.Thecombinationoftheriseinfrequencyandintensityofclimate-relatedhazardsandincreasingdevelopmentinthecountryraisestherisksofthesehazards,causingsubstantialeconomicandhealthimpacts.ThisuncertainandchangingsituationishinderingthefulfilmentofMontenegrotSenvironmental,economicanddevelopment