Unit22 Language Awareness.docx

被动语态(PaSSiVeVOiCe)一、概念：语态(VOiCe).作为一个语法范瞒.是表示主谱和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式.英谱动词行两种语态：主动语态(ACtiVeVQiCC)和被动谱态(PaSSiVCVoiCc).当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用1.动态；假如I：讲是动作的承受者即受动者时，用被动态。例如:(1) JohnhelpedPeter.(2) PeierwashelpedbyJohn.句(1)helped是主动态：句(2)WaShdPCd是被动态.可见主动态是无标记的,而被动态是有标记的.二、构成被动酒却H助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成.被动语态可用于各种时态,其时态改变通过助动词be的不同形式来体现.如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am,isarc+过去分诃：而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为WaSAVCre+过去分词.本册要与驭的被动谱态形式在，1.一般现在时：amisrc+过去分词c.g.FOOtbaHisplayedallovertheworld.I,moftenasked(odothisWOIk我经常被添做这项工作。2一般过去时：WWWCre+过去分词e.g.Tbeterracotawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXi'an.,!hcywerediscoveredbyWOrkCNinafieldoutsidethecity.Whenwas(hebuildingcompleted*?这座大楼什么时候隹成的？3 .一皴将来时：Win(ShaH)+be+过去分词begoing(o÷be÷过去分词e.g.Theresultof(heexamwillbeknownsoon.Theyarcgoingtobegivenadiflkultlest.4 .过去将来时：ShQUki(WOUIdbe+过去分词c.g.,hcteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.Hctoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek.5 .现在进行时：amare,being过去分词c.g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany.一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场，Thesongi$beingsungbythegirlsnow.6 .过去进行时：was',wcrcbeing+过去分词c.g.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthcrc.Thestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhen1wentinltheteacher,soffice.7,现在完成时：hahave+IKelI+过去分词e.g.AlltheIickelshavebeensold.Thebookhasbeentranslatedimomanyhngugcs.这本书己被译成笫种语言。8 .过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分诃c.g.Fonysch<x）lshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.AlltheIiCKtShadbeensoldoutwhenIgltolhecinema.9 .情方动询：情态动词+bc+过去分同e.g.Thisroadmustbemended.Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork.J1.作中可能须要这些机器零部件，10 .动词不定式：lobe多过去分词c.g.1,mgladtobeaskedquestions.Itisimpossibleforlostlimetobemadeup.失去的时间不行弥补，三、主要用法被动态常用于下列几种场合：1 .当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短谱）：PrintingwasintroducedimoEuropefromChina.印刷术是从中国弓I入欧洲的。hcailancwasmadeinU.S.Suchbooksan?writtenforchildren.这种书是为儿败写的。2 .动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；ThesongwascomposedbyaMudcnc.这忏歌曲是一个学生谱写的。Thousandsofriversarcpollutedinthecountn.3 ,出于礼貌措诃等缘由而不眠说出动作执行者是谁.Youarcrequestedtogelhereintime.请您准时来这儿.带行为主体的被动态行为主体就是动作的执行者,即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物，在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体：但当强词动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为（by+主体行为主体卜置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关M务仇责，c.g."I"evillagewasdestroyedbyabomb.这个村庄奴于炸弹.ThepaintingisYCryvaluable.1（waspaintedbyVanGogh.这幅图很假钱，它是处高画的.四、其它用法补充1.-It+被动谱态+that从句二表示谨慎或不太确定的语气.常用于该结构的动词行：say,think,believe,agree,cxpccuconsider,feel,know,decide,report,suggest,prove等.e.g.Itissaidthatpriceswillriseagain（hismonth.据说本月物价还将上涨Ilisthoughtthataboutamilliondogsareborneachyear.据认为短年约有一百条狗诞生。IiisreportedIhatallthepassengersdiedinthecrash.据报导全部乘客在那次飞机叭毁中遇A1.Itisagreedthatwewillhavetwoweeksholidaythisyear.2,用于通告标四广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be.e.g.NoChinesespokenhere.Shoesrepaired.FamousPaintingStolen.名画被盗。五、Practice-.把下列句子变成鼓动语态或变为主动语态1. MybrotheropensIhewindowseverymorning.2. Shedidn,tcleantheroomthismoming.3. DoIheySpeakEnglishinAmeriCa?4. Theaclorwaslovedbylheyoungpeople.5. Thecl<xhcsarcn'(washedbyher.6. Whalwasfoundbythem?7. Bobgaveheraninterestingbook.8. Heboughthischildrensomepencils.9. EVCryonCcallsmeXiaoWang.10. Maryismakingadoll.11. Shecannotcomposesuchfinemusic.12. Mymotherwascullingdown(hetree.13. Hehasnreceivedtheletter.14. Somebodywascleaning(heroomwhenIarrived.15. Wcbelievehimtobeagreatscholar.16. weoftenheardhimsinging.17. Myfathermademegotherealone.IS.Everybodywillknowthetruthsoon.用适当介词填空1. Hisnameisknowneverybodyisthisschool.2. Thegroundwascoveredleaves.3. Theboxwasfilledapples.4. Arcyouinterestedmusic.5. Wcweresurprised(henews.6. ShewasbomAmerica.7. Thisdeskismademilk.8. Buuerismadewood.9. msatisfiedwhatIdid.10. kshemarriedtheoldman?三，选择地空1.Whydocs1.ing1.inglksounhappy?Shehasbyherclassmate.A.laughedB.laughedalC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat2.1xonise(hat(hematterwill.A.beIakencareB.bvtakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof1.1 tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldreject(heoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven4. Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.TheIVOm.A.arcbeingpaintedB.arcpaintingC.arePamtMD.arebeingpainting5. You,difthecarwentover(hecliff.A.killedB.havekilledC.hekilledD.beenkilled5.1 fCiIynoisesfnincreasing.PeopleSholH(obeheardevenat(hedinner(able20yeaniformnow.A.arcnotkept-willhave(oB.areno<kepihavetoC.donotkep(willhave(oD.dontkeep,haveto7.1.ittleJimshould!ovctothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.(otakeC.beingtakenD.taking8.1needonemurestampbeforemycollection.A.hascompletedB.completeC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted9.1don'tknowtherestaurant,butit'stobequiteagoodone.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked