Fishing with Bottom Gillnets.docx

FishingwithBottomGillnetsAprojectofVolunteersinAsiaBy:FAoTrainingSeriesPublishedby:I'oodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsPublicationsDivisionViadelleTermediCaracallaOOlOORomeITA1.YAvailablefrom:FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsPublicationsDivisionViadelleTermediCaracalla00100RomeITA1.YReproducedwithpermission.Reproductionofthismicrofichedocumentinanyformissubjecttothesarestrictionsasthoseoftheoriginaldocument.FAOTRAININGSERIESText:I.IlosrHlustrations:S.MauiI00DANDAGRICU1.TUREORGANIZATIONOETHEUNITEDRome1Notice:ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeverbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.B_41ISBN92-5100906-6ThecopyrightinthisbookisvestedintheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations.Thebookmaynotbereproducedinwholeorinpart,byanymethodorprocess,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightholder.Applicationsforsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurposeandextentofthereproductiondesired,shouldbeaddressedtotheDirector,PublicationsDivision,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,ViadelIeTcrmediCaracalla,Rome,Italy.PrintedinItalyPREFACEThisbookletisaboutbottom-setgi11netting.itshowshowtomakethreedifferentkindsofnets,howtousethenets,andtellsaboutequipmentthatcanbeusedtomakefishingeasier,itiswrittenforfishermen.Peoplewhoai-readyknowtomakenetsandotherkindsoffishinggear,andhowtouseboats,willalsoknowmanyofthethingsthatthebooklettalksabout.Theywillbsabletousewhattheyalreadyknowtocatchfishindifferentways.F0hopesthatfishermenwillbeabletocatchmorefishwithbottom-setgiiinets.1.-Imetre+IIFigure1Thisbooklethasbeenwritteninawaythatwillbeeasytounderstand,ifafishermanhastroublereadingEnglishhecantPethebooktosomeonewhoreadswe11.BylisteningtothewordsandooM'gatthepicturesbewillbeabletounderstandeverything.Thebookletwillhelpeachfishermantofindthebestwaytofishwherehe1ives.Themeasurementsinthebookletareailgiveninthemetricsystem.Forthebigmeasurements(iikethelengthofnetsortheweightofsinkers)itisailrighttosaythatametreisthedistancefromyourleftshouldertoyourrighthand(Fig.1)andthatakilogramistheweightofaI-iitrebottlefullofwater,ifyoudonothaveanybetterwaytofindout.Forthesmal1measurementsyoucanusethepicturesinthisbooklet.Anytimethewordsreaisizearewrittennexttoapicture,thethingyouneedtomeasureshouldbethesamesizeastheoneshowninthepicture.FAowouldbegratefulifthereadersofthisbookletwouldsendinanycommentsorquestionstheyhaveaboutit.1.ettersfrompeoplewhohaveusedthisbooklettomakebottom-setgiii11etswillhelpustoprepareotherbookletsofthesamekind.Sendlettersto:FisheriesTechnologyService,FisheryindustryDivision,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheilnitedNations,ViadeiieTermediCaracaiia,00700-Rome,Italy.WHATAGI1.1.NETISANDHOWITWORKSgiiinetcatchesfishthatswimintoit.Ithasafioatiincalongthetopandaieadiinealongthebottom.Thenettinghangsstraightup-and-downinthewater1ikeagoodfence(Fig.2).AgilInetcatchesfishbytheirgiIls.11works1ikethis:thetwineofthenettingisverythin,andeitherthefishdoesnotseethenetorthenetissetsothatittrapsthefish.Themeshesofthenet1.angwideopen.Whenthefishswimsuptothenetitsticksitsheadrightintooneofthemeshes(Fig.2a).Ifthefishistoosmal1forthemeshitwillswimrightthroughandgetaway.Ifthefishistoobigforthemeshitmighttearthenetandgetaway.Ifthefishistherightsizeitpushesitsheadandbodytightlyintothemesh,butitistoobigtofitthrough(Fig.2b).Whenthefishtriestopullitsheadoutofthemeshthethintwinecutsintoitsskin;itsgillsandfinsgetcaughtinthemesh.Thefishstaysinthenetuntilyoupullitup(Fig.2d).Fisharealsocaughtwhenthenetwrapsaroundthem.Gilinetscanbeusedinmanyways.Theycanbemadetorestonthebottom(Fig.3a),tohangbetweenthebottomandthesurface(Fig.3b),ortofloatonthesurfaceFigure2c_.(Fig.3).GillneIScanbesetinoneplacewithanchl(Figs.3aand3b),orallowedtodriftwiththecurr(Fig.3').Abottom-setgiNnethasheavysinkersontheIeadltokeepitonthebottomandissetinoneplaceeitherhavinganchorsatbothendsorbytyingoneendofthetosomethingonlal?d.Abottom-setgiHnetcanbeusedinrivers,lakesorsea.Youshoulduseitwhenyouknowthatthefish1Figure4wanttocatchliveonthebottomorneartothebottom.Itishardtouseifthebottomistoosteep,toodeeportoorocky.Almostanysizeofboatcanbeusedtofishwiththesenets.Amanwithoneortwonetscanuseacanoeandcatchfishforhisfamily(Fig.4).Fourorfivemenwith50ormorenetscanuseaboatof7to15metrestocatchmanyfishforIhe-market.Figure5showsthedifferentpartsofabottom-setgillnet.Therearemanydifferentkindsofmaterialsyoucanuseformakinganet.Youmustchoosethekindsthatarebestforthekindoffishyouwanttocatchandfortheplacewhereyouwillbefishing.Tomakeanetyouwillneednetting(Fig.Sa),rope(Fig.5b),floats(Fig.5c)forthefloat1ine,sinkersforthelead-line(Fig.5d)andplentyoftwinetoseweverythingtogeth-er(Fig.5e).Whenyouusethenetyouwillneedanchors(Fig.5f),buoys(Fig.5g),andanchor-ropes(Fig.5h).Youwillneednettingneedles(Fig.5i),agoodknife(Fig.5j)andpostsortreestohangthenetfrom(Fi