ISO 04491-1-2023.docx

INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO4491-1editionSecond2023-03Meta1.1.icpowdersDeterminationofoxygencontentbyreductionmethods一f飘篁a1.guide1.inesPoudresmeta1.1.iquesDosagedeVoxygeneparIesmethodesdereduction-Panie1:Directivesgenera1.esReferencenumberIS0449b1.:2023(E)©ISO2023COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.or啪UIBndttaeDmk<nroni(ncm11ni10tf1.*Mqn1.C6pW11opypMRHt1.onmaytheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbe1.oworISO'smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.f),WV>fifiHipB1.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.22749O1.11觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andContentsForewordivIntroductionv2 Scope13 Normativereferences14 Termsanddefinitions15 Samp1.ing1Meaningoftheresu1.tsaccordingtothemethodused25.1 Hydrogenasareducingagent26 5.2Carbonasareducingagent:reductionextractionmethod37 Summaryoftheimp1.ementationofmethodsforoxygendeterminationbyreduction3Practica1.app1.icationofthestandardmethods4ForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsttiugh(ISOtnnhnfaaib11dg"hucekWwptagbody1.nmcrraMbtandriJ>teG4(nowhhUyca11tie<h11t2committeehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizations,governmenta1.andnon-governmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO,a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenanceareof1.SO1.EC(VifY1的Mtheeditoria1.ru1.esoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(secwww.iso.org/direc1.ives).时歌Onrightsd般掂棚1SW雌ns施娥卿瞄做喇颤比咻耨蝴瞬.subjectofanypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedeve1.opmen13th»doc向U1.beintheIntroductionand/orontheISO1.istofpatentdec1.arationsreceived(seewww.iso.org/patents).Anytradeusedinthisconstitutenameendorsement,documentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand族aR涸枭取OrRanfWMWass忠jSW窿inweW¾1.ft1.沁nBarP挑Jdead虐¾e盘w¼,w.iso.orgisotorewod.htm1.布备救胡(W底ffgred"feOdSTM懒Hea书的，做脩OTAfcpo1.W仰册W瓠28mmitteewiththeEuropean()mmitteeforStandardization(CEN)Technica1.CommitteeCEN/SSM11,Powdermeta1.1.urgy,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnica1.cooperationbetweenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).Thissecondeditioncance1.sandrep1.acesthefirstedition(ISO4491-1:1989),ofwhichitconstitutesaminorrevision.Themainchangesareasfo1.1.ows:thenormativereferencesinC1.ause2havebeenupdated;一and7havechangedp1.ace;editoria1.correctionsandupdatedISOformathavebeenapp1.ied.A1.istofa1.1.partsintheISO4491seriescanbefoundontheISOwebsite.AnyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentShoUIdbdiW1.Wh。usqfMnationa1.standardsbody.Acomp1.ete1.istingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org/inembers.htrn1.Introductionparticu1.armeta1.s.Amonga1.wayspresentimpuritieswhicha1.1.oypowder,presentininamountsgreaterthanthosemoistureCoatingspowderpreparationandspontaneous1.yformedstorage.oxidationofthemeta1.byairorproductionmateria1.and/orthefromtheCqUiPnWmPoWdCrS)JCfraCIOryCerarnicsimpuritiesoriginatingfrommasspractice,oxygencontentsinmeta1.1.icpowders1.iemost1.yintherangeofamassfractionof0,1%toaexamp1.e:b) reductionInethodsxontenhvhichre1.ated,presenttheIosstota1.1.ymasspartia1.1.y,samp1.ereducedbyreduction,orbyc) separationmethods,inwhich:eva1.uatedPhaseexamp1.ese1.ective1.ya1.uminiumpowder,a1.uminiumisdisso1.ved(assmedbromine-methano1.documentConsidersofmeta1.reductionmethods,asthesearecommon1.yusedin1.aboratoriesforInpowdermeta1.1.urgy,thepurityofthepowdersisanimportantparameterforthemanufactureofsinteredro1.eitisthevariousinanymeta1.ormaybeandpowder,oxygenp1.aysaencounteredincompactmeta1.s.Oxygenismost1.ycombinedintheformofoxideswhichappearinthefo1.1.owingways:Oxidefi1.mduringonpartic1.esurfaces,duringhand1.ingandbyOxideinc1.usions,beingeitheroxidesofthemainmeta1.remaining1.oca1.1.yunreducedduringthevtherawprocess(incaseofreduced(e.g.otheroxidefromme1.tingfurnaceinatomizationprocesses).Infractionof1%.Thedeterminationofoxygencontentcanbemadebymeansofmanyphysica1.orchemica1.methods,fora)specificmethods,suchasactivationana1.ysisormassspectrometry,inwhichthee1.ement0isdirect1.ydetermined;carbon.OxygeninisOxideseithertoare,oforofthethroughhydrogentotheamountofwaterorCO/COzproducedbythereaction;eithertheoxidephaseisse1.ective1.ydisso1.vedanddeterminedchemica1.1.y(forexamp1.eincopperpowder,wherecopperoxideisdisso1.vedbyhydroch1.oricacid);orthemeta1.(forisindisso1.ved,andtheinso1.ub1.eresidueinoxide)isreagent,1.eavinga1.uminiumoxide).Theana1.ysingagreatvarietyon1.ypowders.Meta1.1.icpowdersDeterminationofoxygencontentbyreductionmethodsfa里a1.guide1.ines1ScopeThisdocumentisthefirstpartof