抗击疟疾：潜伏在分子层面的魔鬼中英文对照.docx

TextCCombatingma1.aria:thedevi1.isinthemo1.ecu1.ardetai1.s抗击疟疾：潜伏在分子层面的魔鬼1. Ma1.ariaiscausedbyparasitesthataretransmittedtopeop1.ethroughthebitesofinfectedfema1.emosquitoes.P.fa1.ciparumis(hemostdead1.yma1.ariaparasiteandthemostpreva1.entinAfrica,wherema1.ariacasesanddeathsareheavi1.yCOnCeIMra1.ed.Th。firstsymptomsofma1.ariafever,headache,chi1.1.sandvmi1.ing-usua1.1.yappearbetween10and15daysafterthemosquitobite.WithoutPromPItreatment.Rfa1.cipammma1.ariacanprogresstoseverei1.1.nessanddeath.弟族是由体内寄生虫导致的疾病感染了这种寄生虫的雌性蚊了通过叮咬将其传播给人类.恶性疟原虫是鼠致命的疟疾寄生虫，它在非洲最为流行，导致非洲成了疟疾病例及其死亡病例的券中地C疟疾的最初症状是发烧.头痛、麻战和呕吐，通常在蚊子叮咬后10到IS天出现“如果不及时治疗,恶性疟原虫疟疾会进展为严重的疾病,甚至是死亡.2. WHOrccomnndsamu1.ti-prongedsratcgj,Ioprevent,contro1.ande1.iminatema1.aria.Keyin1.erventionsinc1.ude:IhCusefins<xticidcrea1.edmosquitonetsandindoorrcsiduu1.spraying,diagnostictesting,andtreatmentofCOnfirn1.Cdeaseswitheffectiveanti-ma1.aria1.medicines,!nrecentyears,thesemeasureshavedra11utica1.1.y1.oweredthema1.ariaburdeninmanyse1.1.ings.Ma1.ariatransmissioncontinuesinmanycountriesaroundthewor1.dhowever、an<icauseshundredsofthousandsofdeathseachyear.世卫组织建议采取多管齐下的策略来预防、控制和消除疟疾。主要干预措施包括：使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐及采取室内滞崩喷洒措脩诊断检验.使用有效的抗疟药治疗确诊病例.近年来，这些措施在许多地方都显著降低了疟疾造成的负担，然而，在世界上许多国家，疟疾的传播仍在继续,每年造成数十万人死亡.3. Ma1.ariaremainsascourge,especia1.1.yIbrchi1.dren,and(he1.andscapeofcontro1.1.ingthedisease,much1.esseradicatingit.issti1.1.daunting.In2007.Bi1.1.andMe1.indaGatesca1.1.edong1.oba1.1.eaders(oembraceanaudaciousgoa1.-toreacha(hywhennohumanbeinghasma1.aria,<ndnomosquitoonearthisCanyingit.'A1.thoughma1.ariaeradica1.ionisun1.ike1.ytobeHrOUrK1.thecorner.CnormOUSstridesIuvcbeenmadeinundersUinc1.ingbo1.h7woJwzwbio1.ogyandthatofitsmosquitovector.Anophe1.es.Theyear2012markstheIOthanniversaryofthePUHiCa1.iOnoftheRerKHnicsequencesofbothP1.asnux1.iunifa1.ci11runtandAnophe1.esfambiae.whichhavecontributedenomns1.ytoourunderstandingoftheseorganisms.疟疾仍然是种祸害,尤其是对儿童来说.不要说根除疟疾，就连控制这种疾病的肺景也十分不乐观。27年比尔盛茨夫妇砰吁全球领导人接受一个大胆的目标一不再有人患疟疾、地琼上没有携带疟疾的蚊子，”虽然近期不太可能根除疟疾，但在疟原虫及其蚊媒按蚊生物学方面己经取得了巨大的进步。2012年是恶性疟原虫和按蚊的基因组序列发表卜周年纪念,基因组序列的发表板大地促进了我们对这些生物的理解，4. ThisTrends7rParasito1.ogySpeciiiIssue1.BreakingBarriers:A1.eapAheadinP1.asmodiumBio1.ogy,-wasinspiredbythe2012fourthMo1.ecu1.arApproachestoMa1.aria(MAM)conference,whichwasrecent1.yhe1.dinthebeautifu1.setingof1.orneon(hesoutherncoastofAustm1.ia.Thisconferencebroughttogethera1.1.facetsofma1.ariabio1.ogy,and(hequa1.ityofthesciencepresentedwasoutstanding-wha(fo1.1.owsisbutabriefg1.impse.最近在风景秀丽的澳大利亚两部海岸的岁恩举行2012第四届疟疾分子生物学方法(MAM)大会加剧了寄生虫学这一珞势：特殊问即-打破壁鼻：疟原虫牛物学的K跃。本次会议汇集了疟疾生物学的各个方面,会议上提交的科研成果痂量突出，但下面的是一个简短的一瞥.5. Wewi1.1.beginwithIheIDOSqUiIovector,anesse11ia1.e1.ementofhe/75w71rparasite1.ifecyc1.e.A1.thoughinsecticidesandbednetusearccrucia1.incontro1.1.ingma1.aria,reducingorb1.ockingtransmissionofIheparasitesfrommosquitoestothehumanhostisanaaaofintenseinterest.Sindcne1.a1.exp1.aintransmissionbio1.ogyanddiscusstheprosandconsofdifferent1.aboratoryassaysthatn>easuretransmission.Understandingthei11ectionbetweentheparasitesandtheirvectorsisa1.soessentia1.Someparasitesa1.terthebehavioroftheirhoststoincreasetheirtransmission,andCatoreu1.exp1.ore(hepossibi1.ity(hatPkNnodiw，iparasitesmanipu1.atethebehaviorofmosquitoestobenefitparasitetransmission.我们将从蚊媒一蚊子载体入手，蚊媒是疟原虫的生命周期的一个重要环节，虽然杀虫剂和蚊帐的使用对控制疟疾至关重要，然少或阻断寄生虫从蚊子到人类宿主的传播仍然是一个十分有意义的研究领域,辛东等人解择了传播生物学，讨论了不同的实监室测量传播方法的利弊”J'解寄生虫和它们的教体之间的相互作用也是必不可少的.为了剧加传播有些寄生虫可改变宿主的行为.Ca1.s等人探索了疟原虫操纵蚊子行为以利其自2传播的可能性。6. Movinginto(hehost,dynamicandhighreso!u(ionimagingbyDixonCIa1.has1.itera1.1.ygiveninsightintohowandwhyP.fa1.ciparum>ametocytesundergoastrikingchangeinshapeduringmaturationwhereastherigidityofear1.ysiagegan)eiocy(esp)bab1.yaidssequestrationatsitesof1.owbkxi-t1.ow.Iatc-StagcWamCtoCyteSarcf1.exib1.eandareab1.etocircu1.ateintheb1.oodstream,bypassingnechaniai1.Gkeringmechanismsin(hesp1.eenof(hehost.Imeres1.ing1.y.asimi1.arprocessmayofferprotectionFromma1.ariainindividua1.swhohavehemog1.obinopathies(suchassick1.ece1.1.diseaseand-andtha1.assemia>.CytoadhesionofinfectedCry1.hrOCyteSwithintheb1.(1.strcam.avoidingpassagethroughthesp1.een(andfi1.teringmechanisms),isassociatedwithpatho1.ogyofna1.aria.Cyrk1.affea1.describetheimpaire<1.cytoadhesionphenotypeofmtcctcdsick1.ecei1.and-tha1.assemicerythrocytesduetohostactinremode1.ing,whicha1.1.owsbypassofsp1.enicfi1.tering.狄克逊等人的动态和裔分辨率成像可以使人类“进入”蚊子体内世界，从而洞察到恶性疟原虫配子体在成熟过程中形态如何以及为何发生显著变化:虽然早期配子体的刚度可能有助于它们在低血流中位置上封存，后期配子却是灵活的，可在血液中循环流动，能弗通过其宿主眸脏的过泄机制.有趣的是.血红蛋白疾病(如愫状细胞病和和B-地中海贫血)患者体内存类似的机制可以使它们对疟疾免疫。在血流中被感染的红细胞粘附在一起，从而无法通过脾(过滤机制),这是一个有关疟疾病理学的何麴Cyrk1.aff等人描述门I1.于宿主(寄生我体肌动蛋臼垂咽受损片致感染疟原虫的表里镰状细咆和«-地中海黄血红细胞.的细胞粘附殳损，从而可以通过睥脏过游系统。7. Genomicandproteomicana1.ysisofPIaSmOdiumspeciescontinuestoexpandourunderstandingatthemo1.ecu1.ar1.eve1.,andthiswi1.1.assist(hediscoveryofnewdrugIarge1.s.Improvementingenomictechno1.ogieshasa1.1.owedHoC1.jmakCrSeta1.toprobeepigeneticmechanismsIha1.regu1.atechromatinS1.rUC(U1.eandaffectthedeve1.opmentandsurviva1.ofP1.a