商务英语文章reading指导.ppt

商务英语文章阅读 指导n一、文章题目n二、典型的量化语言表达n三、结构复杂的长句n四、形象化语言n五、把握文章总体结构n六、背景知识n七、语言生动性n八、文体一、文章题目n商务英语报刊文章的题目有其鲜明的特色，而且也是文章本身的重要组成部分。如果对商务英语报刊文章题目的构成形式与特色等有一定的了解，这将有助于理解文章内容和掌握文章的主旨大意及作者的意图和倾向。n商务英语报刊文章题目的特点归纳：n1从内容上看，商务英语报刊文章的题目简洁明了、醒目准确、形象生动，例如：nWhos in Charge Here?nGlobal Warming Has Bush on the Hot SeatnInsurance: Up, Up and Awayn2从语句结构看，商务英语报刊文章的题目经常采用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语等形式，例如：nThe Ever-shrinking Skies (名词短语)nVictory at a Price (介词短语)nRebuilding from Scratch (动名词短语)nBuried in Tech (过去分词词短语)nChances of Recovery Improving Substantially (现在分词短语)nFinancial Ministers to Meet in GenevanTrade Ministers Busy in Geneva (形容词短语)n3除上述特点外，还有其他一些重要现象需要注意：n1) 为增强现时感，以一般现在时报道过去发生的事情，例如：nDollar Hits New Low Against YennPresident Delivers Union Messagen2) 经常用不定式描述将来的事情，例如：nNew Worlds to ConquernBrazil to Import More Oil n3) 为达到醒目简练的效果常常采用省略法，例如：nThe World Slows DownnGovernment Says Production Will DeclinenInvestment Increases 25% 二、典型的量化语言表达n为了有效地阅读商务英语报刊文章，熟悉其文字的表达方法，尤其是有鲜明特色的量化语言表达方法，对于大家来说是非常重要的。商务英语报刊文章表示上升、下降、趋平、比较、发展趋势等习惯用语就是其中的一些重要特点。n1上升或增长n表示上升或增长的词或短语主要包括： 动词类 increase/ rise/ grow/ hike jump/ leap/ surge soar/ skyrocket reach/ hit/ break go up push amount to shoot up move/ spiral/ upward 非动词类 an increase/ rise of a growth/ leap/ surge/ upsurge an upward trend/ movement/ spiral up from/ to rising/ increasing to on the rise/ increase n在上述词和短语中，表示上升和增长的程度有所区别，像 jump, leap, soar, shoot up 和skyrocket等次表示“迅速、大幅度增加或上升”，而其他的词和短语在表达上述有意思时还须增加相应的副词或类似的短语。例如：nOil prices increased from the second quarter of 2000 through to November but then eased, partly because of the global slowdown.The countrys urban retail sales leapt nearly 12%.nWorld trade volumes rose sharply in 2000, particularly early in the year.nThe global economy in 2000 grew at its fastest pace in over a decade and a half.nActual foreign direct investment rose by 24.2% to USD$4.58 billion in the first two months of this year while contracted FDI shot up by 47.1% in the same period.2减少或下降n表示减少或下降的词和短语主要有： 动词类 decrease/ drop/ fall/ slip/ decline slide/ shrink/ trim/ dwindle/ cut slump/ collapse/ crash/ slash slacken/ slump/ dip plunge/ plummet/ nosedive move downward spiral downward slow down be reduced/ deducted 非动词类 a decline/ drop of a downward trend/ movement down from/ down to a downward spiral declining/ dropping to on the decrease/ decline n在这些词和短语中，有的本身就含有剧烈或大幅度的意思，如plunge, plummet, nosedive, slump, collapse, crash, 也有一些本身表示少量和小幅度的意思，如shrink, trim。例如：nIn April, the wholesale price index decreased 0.7% from a year earlier.nActual investment during January-October was reduced to 3%.nThird-quarter US GDP data showed that profits had dropped to 4.1percent of GDP.nGrowth in property sales slid 13% in October from 37% in the first three quarters of 2001.nThe International Monetary Fund predicts that the countrys GDP growth will dip back below 8% in 2001.n对于表示增长或下降的中性词或短语，大家还可以加上表示程度或幅度的副词或短语达到自己想要表达的效果。以下列出比较常用的一些副词和短语，从左到右变化强度依次递增。n变化幅度nfractionally, marginally, slightly, markedly, greatly, considerably, substantiallyna little, a bit, rather, somewhat, a lot, a great deal, much, farn变化速度nslowly, gradually, gently, quickly, suddenly, sharply, rapidly 3.平稳或趋平n表示平稳或趋平的词和短语主要有:nStand/remain/be maintained atnRemain stable/constant/unchangednHover aboutnHover/stay aroundnLevel off/outnE.g.nThe countrys public debt to GDP ration stood at 14.6 percent-a comparatively low figure by international standards.nGDP growth in the first half of this year was 7.9 percent-among the highest in the world-and is forecast to remain at 7.5 percent for the whole year.nThe provinces export growth rates hovered around 9% throughout 2000.nOverall growth in steel demand levered out in the second half of 1999.4. 比较或对比n在商务英语中，用来表示对比或比较的语言也十分丰富，生动。n表示一般性比较和对比的词和短语主要有：nMore/less/higher/lower thannMore expensive/profitable thannCompare sth. With sth.nRun aboven经常用来表示最高级的短语包括：nthe best /fastestnThe most expensive/dynamicnThe largestby a considerable/ large marginnBy far the most importantn一些具有比较和对比意义的词和短语在商务英语中也十分有用，比如：nSuperior/inferior tonSenior/junior tonPrefer sth. To sth.nPrefer to do than to donWould rather do than ton一些比较特殊的比较和对比形式：n一般比较级之前加否定词比较多最高级比较的意义：nNothing could please me more than the encouraging report from you.nThere is no company more competitive than this one in the industy.n一些介词在商务英语中具有比较和对比的意义：nThe stock market this month is 20 points high on November.nThe October has closed 8% off its peak this year.nThe dividend per share is estimated at about $8 for 2000 against $6 last year.5. 预测发展趋势n表示预测今后发展趋势的用语主要有：nHope/expect/estimate/predict/forecast/nProject/anticipaten或采用被动语态形式n还有一些用来表示不同可能性程度的词和短语，在预测发展趋势用语中也相当重要：n可能性较小：nMight/could/possibly/be possiblen可能性较大 ：nMay/be likely to /should/ to be probablen可能性最大nWill/be bound/be certain/certainly/surely/definitely/doubtlessly/undoubtedly/ no doubtn试比较下列句子：nIts probable that inflation will increase in the near future.nIts possible that inflation willl increase next year.nInflation will no doubt increase by the end of this month.6.关于倍数的表达n表示“