英语国家概况ppt.ppt

The History of the UK The History of the UK On the way Part Part 、Geographical FeaturesGeographical Features On the waySituated in northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark.On the wayOn the way Part Part 、History History On the way1. 1.Pre-feudal Society-Pre-feudal Society- Early Settlement (-55 B. C) Early Settlement (-55 B. C)On the way From about 750 B.C., the Celtic tribes who had crossed from Europe in search of empty lands began to settle in the country. China-Xia, Shang, Xizhou, Dongzhou, Zhanguo, Qin, Xihan, Donghan Dynasties. On the way1. 1.Pre-feudal Society-Pre-feudal Society-The Roman Occupation(55 B. C.-410)The Roman Occupation(55 B. C.-410)On the way In 55 and 54 B.C., Britain was twice invaded by Roman troops led by Julius Caesar(凯撒大帝), and was invaded again by the Romans under Claudius (克劳狄一世) in 43 A.D. Britain subsequently became a Roman province and it remained so until the beginning of the 5th century. China-Sanguo, Xijin, Dongjin Dynasties. On the way1. 1.Pre-feudal Society-Pre-feudal Society- Anglo-Saxon Times(410-871) Anglo-Saxon Times(410-871)On the way Soon after the Romans left, groups of Germanic warriors landed in Britain. They included the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes from what is today Denmark and Northern Germany. They drove the Britons to the mountains, and those that did not flee remained as slaves to the new invaders. China-Nanbei, Sui, and Tang Dynasties. On the way1. 1.Pre-feudal Society-Pre-feudal Society- Vikings and the Danish Rule(871-1066)Vikings and the Danish Rule(871-1066)On the way Around the turn of the 8th century northern warriors, called the Vikings, invaded England. Some of them came from Norway and attacked the rocky coasts of Scotland and northern England, but the main body came from Denmark. They sailed up the rivers of the east and south, seized one small Saxon kingdom after another. China-Tang, Wudaishiguo, Beisong DynasitiesOn the way2. The Growth of Feudalism-2. The Growth of Feudalism- The Norman Conquest (1066-1154)The Norman Conquest (1066-1154)On the way On Christmas Day 1066 Duke William known in history as William the Conqueror was crowned in Westminster Abbey. In the several years that followed, William the Conqueror put down one after another rising against him, made an expedition into the south of Scotland and invaded Wales. China- Song Dynasty. On the way Result of the Norman Conquest: Result of the Norman Conquest: It sped up the development of feudalism in England. William the It sped up the development of feudalism in England. William the Conqueror adopted the following measures: Conqueror adopted the following measures: 1. He deprived the lands of the English barons(男爵) who had resisted him and gave lands to his Norman followers. 2. He compelled all the sub-vassals to be loyal to him directly. 3. He put the administration of justice under the control of the king. 4. He replaced English bishops with Normans and made himself the head of bishops. 5. Built the Tower of London as a military fortress. On the way2. The Growth of Feudalism-2. The Growth of Feudalism- The Great Charter(13The Great Charter(13th th century) century) (The Magna Carta ) (The Magna Carta )On the way John, ascended the throne in 1199, from his bother Richard I. He was defeated in a war with France and lost Normandy in 1204. He demanded more feudal taxes and army service in order to avenge himself on France. Dissatisfied with Johns leadership, the lord forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or the Great Charter, on June 15, 1215. China-Song Dynasty. China-Song Dynasty. On the way The King could not exact payment from the vassals(诸侯)without their consent. No freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of their property unless they are convicted by a jury. Merchants would be allowed to move about freely. If the king attempted to free himself from the law, the vassals had the right to force him to obey the law by every means possible, even by means of a civil war. On the way2. The Growth of Feudalism-2. The Growth of Feudalism- The Beginning of Parliament. The Beginning of Parliament. On the way Henry and Simon de Montfort a. the Great council b. commoners appeared in the Parliament c. The House of Commons and The House of Lords On the way 3. Decline of Feudalism in England On the wayThe Hundred Years War(1337-1453) a. causes b. time “ Joan of Arc” c. result (England was defeated)On the way The Wars of the Roses. (1455-1485) Two years after the Hundred Years War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, the Wars of Roses. The war got such a name because the Lancastrians wore the badge of the red rose and the Yorkists wore the badge of the white rose. The Wars of the Roses had an important consequence: the weakening of the old fedual nobility. On the way 4. The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie(资产阶级) The New Monarchy The Tudor Monarchy-the transitional stage from feudalism to capit