英语二级考试语法重点.ppt

英语二级考试语法重点英语二级考试语法重点n讲解n练习重点n一.动词虚拟语气n二.非谓语动词n三.名词从句n四.定语从句n五.状语从句n六.主语和谓语的一致n七.倒装句n八.情态动词n九.强调1.英语动词有三种语气: 陈述陈述语气，祈使祈使语气和虚拟虚拟语气。2. 定义.用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能 发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气虚拟语气。一：虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句一：虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。中的用法。条件句有条件句有真实条件句真实条件句和和非真实条件句非真实条件句两种。两种。真实条件句真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与是与事实相符的。事实相符的。1.If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. 非真实条件句非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，可能发生或实现的， 与事实相反的情况。与事实相反的情况。2. If I were a bird, I would fly to America.1.1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法情况条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式( be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have +过去分词与将来事实相反1)动词过去式2)should+动词原形3) were to+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形用法举例表示与现在事实相反的假设表示与现在事实相反的假设1.If I were you, I should go to see the doctor at once.2.If we knew his address, we could write to him.表示与过去事实相反的假设表示与过去事实相反的假设1.If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen him.2.If he hadnt been so busy,he would have helped you.用法举例表示与将来事实相反的假设表示与将来事实相反的假设1.If it were fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.2.If I should do it, I would do it in a different way.* 书面语中,如果条件句中的谓语动词含有系动词were 或助动词had,should ,有时可将连词if 省略,而把were,had或should移到主语之前.如以上几例可变成:用法举例Were I you (= If I were you), I should go to see the doctor at once.Had you come here yesterday(= If you had come here yesterday), you would have seen him.Should I do it(= If I should do it), I would do it in an different way.1.2虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法n句型:nIt is important/necessary/natural/vital/nstrange/advisable+that+主语+(should)n+动词原形ne.g. It is strange that she (should) do so.n It is necessary that the problemn (should) be solved immediately. 1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法n1)用于动词用于动词wish 后的后的that 从句中从句中:n 这类虚拟语气主要表示愿望, that常省略.如果指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时;如果指过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时. 1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法nI wish I knew French.nI wished that I had bought that skirt in Shanghai.n注注: 动词wish 如果是过去式,后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式不变,仍然用过去式或过去完成式.n有时在宾语从句中可用would(might)+动词原形,表示有可能实现的愿望.n e.g. I wish he would come1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法n2. 用于用于suggest 等动词后的等动词后的that从句中从句中:n句型: suggestn demandn insist +that+主语+(should)+动词原形n proposen ordern advisene.g. They insisted that the work(should) be started n at once.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose(recommend)4. demand , require, request, desireshould + 动词原形，或者将should省略。1.4虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的用法n用于order, suggestion, demand,request, proposal 等名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中,从句的谓语动词应用should +动词原形, should可省略.n1)用于同位语从句中用于同位语从句中:nThey received orders that they (should) start at once.n2)用于表语从句中用于表语从句中nHer proposal is that we (should) rest for half an hour. 1.5虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法n1)用于用于as if/as though引导的状语从句中引导的状语从句中:n如果表示与现在事实相反,用过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时.n They love the boy as if he were their own child.nShe speaks as if she had been there before.n2) 用于用于lest(惟恐惟恐) 引导的状语从句引导的状语从句,谓语多用 (should)+动词原形.例如:nThey spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard. 1.6 虚拟语气在 It is (high) time (that) 句中的用法n表示“该是的时候了”,从句里的谓语动词用过去式.例如:nIts time you went to bed. Its time we left.1.7虚拟语气在 would rather that 句中的用法nWould rather意为“宁愿” (wish), 从句里的谓语动词用过去时表示现在和将来,用过去完成时表示过去.例如:nI would rather that you stayed with me.nI would rather that you hadnt done it.1.8虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法n1)由介词短语引起虚拟语气由介词短语引起虚拟语气.nWithout electricity, there would not be modern industry.nBut for your timely help, we could not have caught the thief.n2)由表示转折的连词引起虚拟语气由表示转折的连词引起虚拟语气.nI was too busy yesterday. Otherwise, I would have come to see you.nYou should have handed in your term paper last week, but you didnt.nI didnt catch the bus, or I wouldnt have come late.1.9用于if only 感叹句中nIf only 表示“但愿” “要是就好”,它的用法和I wish 基本相同.如与 would连用,则表示一时很难实现的愿望.nIf only he didnt write so carelessly!nIf only she had arrived in time.nIf only the rain would stop!虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件错综条件虚拟语气虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。假设的时间而定。If you _ the teachers advice, you _ (be) in the hospital now.had followedwouldnt be If I were you, I would have told him the news yesterday. (从句与现在事实相反从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反主句与过去事实相反)2.有的句子既没有条件从句,也没有介词短语表示条件,却含有条件含义,应注意虚拟语气的使用. Im really busy; otherwise I would Im really busy; otherwise I would certainly go with you. certainly go with you. (.; if I werent so busy,. 3.假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把三个助动词可以把if省略，并将省略，并将这三个词提至句首。这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up._ , I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties._ , we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were I youWere it not for your adviceIf I had had time, I would have run round that lake again._ , I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?_ , what should we do?Had I had timeShould there be a flood 4.可以用介词短语代替条件从句可以用介词短语代替条件从句: : Without your help, we shouldnt have Without your help, we shouldnt have succeeded. succeeded. (= If it hadnt been for your help,.) (= If it hadnt been for your help,.) But for