如何预防6类叉车司机健康风险中英双语版.docx

长时间坐在拥挤的驾驶仓，扭曲脖子去观察后方。毫无疑问这就是必须经历的职业病。作为叉车司机没有人会认为这个工作是轻松的，因为你在处于一个明确的健康风险之中。Longshifts.Sittingforhoursatatimeinacrampedcab.Twistingandcraningyournecktoseebehindyou.Nodoubtyou,veexperiencedsomesideeffectsfromdrivingaforklift.Asaforkliftoperator,noonesaidyourjobwouldbeeasyandtherealitiesofyourworkmeanyou,reatriskforcertainhealthissues.请清楚关注这些由于长时间操作叉车的健康风险，请看一下DR.CHADHOFFAN的专业意见。KeepaneyeonthesehealthrisksthatareassociatedwithfrequentlydrivingaforkliftandtakealookattheexpertiseprovidedbyDr.ChadHoffmanfromLifeStyleChirOPraCtiainGreenBay,Wisconsin.1.脖子和背部疼痛NECKANDBACKPAIN脖子和背部疼痛直接与工作环境和不良作业习惯有关。有一些因素可能会导致疼痛：Neckandbackpainisoftendirectlyrelatedtoyourworkenvironmentaswellaspoorhabitsyoumayhavepickedupalongtheway.Afewcausesofyourpaincouldbe:整个身体的震动WHOLEBODYVIBRATION身体震动来自于叉车接触面，比如叉车座椅、叉车踏板或靠背等，这可能造成背痛或其他疾病。WholeBodyVibrationisthevibration,shakingorjoltingofthebodytransmittedthroughasupportingsurface-inthiscaseyourforkliftseatzfloororbackrest.Itcanmakeyoupredisposedtobackpainoraggravateexistingbackproblems.避免震动的方法ToavoidWholeBodyVibration:降低行驶速度Loweryourspeed采用悬浮座椅Useanairsuspensionseat-theydecreasethevibrationtransferredtoyourbody.减少在不平地面的驾驶时间Minimizeyourtraveloverunevensurfaces长时间的坐姿SITTINGFORLONGPERIODSOFTIME久坐是难以避免的现象，同时还由于要扭曲坐姿，这些就可能会伤及肌肉Sittingforlongperiodsoftimemaybeunavoidableinyourlineofworkandyouprobablyhavetotwistinyourseatfairlyoftenwhichcausesstraintoyourmuscles.Dr.Hoffman,sAdvice专家建议即使在狭窄空间里，必须保持一个姿势，你也必须经常伸缩脖子，活动周边的肌肉。轻微地抬头，同时做深呼吸，但是不要憋气，慢慢地抬头和低头，去放松肌肉。"Evenincrampedquarterswhereyouhavetomaintaingenerallythesamepositionforextendedperiodsoftime,doyourbesttoregularlystretchyourneckandsurroundingmuscles,zsaysDr.Hoffman."Beginbygentlytiltingyourheadtoonesideandthentheother,breathingdeeply(don'tholdyourbreath!).Next；tiltyourheadforwardandbackveryslowlytorelieveanymusculardiscomfort/1如果可能多一些中间的休息Whenpossible,takebreakstostretch.SimPIeStretCheSthatcanbedoneonthejobwilldo.调整座椅可以轻松接触到方向盘、踏板和液压控制杆。Taketimetoreadjustyourseatwhenyoureturntoyourforklift.Yourfeetshouldrestcomfortablyandyoushouldbeabletoeasilyreachthesteeringwheel,pedalsandhydrauliccontrols.Usethebackrest-it,sthereforareason!更多的专家建议MorefromDr.Hoffman当久坐是不可避免的情形下，尽量多地利用空隙时间休息或锻炼，比如蹲下起来，散步或上引身体等，这可以有效地放松身体，改进筋肉的力量。“Whilesittingforextendedperiodsmaybeunavoidableatwork,doyourbesttobreakthatpatternoutsideofwork.Dosimplebodyweightexercisessuchassquats,push-upszsit-upsandwalking/runningtoenlivenyourmusclesandreleaseanytension.It'scrucialtomoveyourbodywhenyoucan-itnotonlyhelpsyoufeelbetter(notasstiff),butwillhelpboostcirculation,lowerbloodpressureandimproveyourmusclestrength,allowingyourbodytobetteradjusttoanyneckzbackorjointpainyouareexperiencing/不良的姿势POORPOSTURE当你久坐数小时，不良的姿势会悄悄地伤害身体。要一定比卖你突然接触操作杆。别忘拿掉你的钱包，你的背部钱包会导致座椅不平整。Poorposturecansneakuponyouwhenyou'vebeensittinginthesamepositionforhours.Makesureyouavoidslumpingforwardtoreachthecontrols.Don,tforgettoremoveyourwalletfromyourbackpocket.Yourbackwilladjustfortheunevenseatingsurfacewhichcausesstrain.Dr.Hoffman,sAdviceAccordingtoDr.Hoffmanz,studiesshowthatposturealsoaffectsmindset.Ifyouhavepoorpostureregularly,chancesareyouaren'tinthegreatestofmoods.Sure,worksometimesmightgetdifficult,butdoyourbesttositupstraightandyourmindznottomentionyourbody,willthankyou."2.肩痛SHOULDERPAIN因为长时间操作叉车，肩部的肌肉会变硬和僵化。反复使用方向盘，操作压力杆会压抑肩部。Yourmusclescangetstiffandsorethankstotheamountoftimeyouspendonaforklift.Steering,operatingthehydrauliccontrols,andrepetitivemotioncancausestraininyourshoulders.请记住以下的提示，从而避免肌肉疲劳和肩痛Keepthesetipsinmindtoavoidmusclefatigueandshoulderpain: 当操作叉车时，保持臂部靠垫上Keepyourelbowsinwhiledriving 操作液压杆时，保持在大于正常握手的距离Whenoperatingyourcontrolstrytokeepyourhandoutinahandshakepositionratherthanpalmdown. 经常伸展Stretchregularly 要求一个座椅扶手Askaboutgettingaseatwithanarmrest-itcanhelpprotectyourshoulders3 .膝盖痛KNEEPAIN站立驾驶的叉车经常会感觉到膝盖疼痛。长时间的站立会导致压力在身体的下半部。当斜靠在叉车上时，压力也会随之增加。Forkliftoperatorsthatdrivestand-upforkliftscanoftenexperiencekneepain.Simplystandingalongperiodoftimeputspressureonyourlowerbody.Whenyou'realsobracingyourselfagainstthemovementoftheforklift,thepressureandstrainincreases.当座位式叉车操作时，不时的扭曲身体，也会造成膝盖的压力。Foroperatorsofsit-downforklifts-anytimeyoutwistaround,you,recanalsobestressingyourknees.Takecareofyourkneesandavoidpainby:使用膝盖护垫Usingakneebrace改变姿势，或散步一会Sitdown(ifyou,vebeenstanding)orwalkforafewminuteseveryhour确保不要跳离叉车的方式Makesureyoudon,tjumpdownofftheforklift.Usethreepointsofcontactwheneveryouenterorexitthelift.4 .冲击伤WHlPLASHINJURIES野蛮地加速或停车会导致冲击伤害/Aggressiveaccelerationandstoppingcancausewhiplashinjuries.Somesymptomsthatyoumayexperienceinclude: 脖子痛Neckpain 硬化肌肉Stiffness 头痛Headaches 眩晕Dizziness 注意力难以集中Difficultyconcentrating避免伤害的办法时平缓操作叉车，主要不要超速。Toavoidwhiplashinjuriestakecaretostartandstopsmoothlyandpayattentiontotheforkliftspeedlimitsinyourworkenvironment.5 .肌骨受伤MUSCULoSKELETALINJURYInjurytoyourmusculoskeletalsystemincludesinjurytomuscles,tendons,nerveszdiscs；bloodvesselsandmore.Earlysig