托福作文写作范文详解lustrat.docx

托福作文写作范文详解ReadingJaneAusten(1775-1817)isoneofthemostfamousofallEnglishnovelists,andtodayhernovelsaremorepopularthanever,withseveralrecentlyadaptedasHollywoodmovies.Butwedonothavemanyrecordsofwhatshelookedlike.Foralongtime,theonlyacceptedimageofAustenwasanamateursketchofanadultAustenmadebyhersisterCassandra.Howeverrecentlyaprofessionallypainted,full-lengthportraitofateenagegirlownedbyamemberoftheAustenfamilyhascomeupforsale.AlthoughtheprofessionalpaintingisnottitledJaneAusten,therearegoodreasonstobelievesheisthesubject.First,in1882,severaldecadesafterAusten'sdeath,Austen'sfamilygavepermissiontousetheportraitasanillustrationinaneditionofherletters.Austen'sfamilyclearlyrecognizeditasaportraitoftheauthor.So,foroveracenturynowztheAustenfamilyitselfhasendorsedtheclaimthatthegirlintheportraitisJaneAusten.Second,thefaceintheportraitclearlyresemblestheoneinCassandra'ssketch,whichweknowdepictsAusten.Thoughsomewhatamateurish,thesketchcommunicatesdefinitedetailsaboutAusten'sface.EventhoughtheCassandrasketchisofanadultJaneAusten,thefeaturesarestillsimilartothoseoftheteenagegirlinthepainting.Theeyebrows,nosezmouth,andoverallshapeofthefaceareverymuchlikethoseinthefull-lengthportrait.Third,althoughthepaintingisunsignedandundated,thereisevidencethatitwaspaintedwhenAustenwasateenager.ThestylelinksittoOziasHumphreyzasocietyportraitpainterwhowasthekindofprofessionalthewealthyAustenfamilywouldhire.Humphreywasactiveinthelate1780sandearly1790s,exactlytheperiodwhenJaneAustenwastheageofthegirlinthepainting.ListeningProfessor:TheevidencelinkingthisportraittoJaneAustenisnotatallconvincing.Sure,thepaintinghaslongbeensomewhatlooselyconnectedtoAusten'sextendedfamilyandtheirdescendents,butthishardlyprovesit'saportraitofJaneAustenasateenager.Thereading'sargumentsthattheportraitisofAustenarequestionableatbest.First,whentheportraitwasauthorizedforuseinthe1882publicationofherletters,JaneAustenhadbeendeadforalmost70years.SothefamilymemberswhoassertedthatthepaintingwasJanehadneveractuallyseenherthemselves.Theycouldn'thaveknownforcertainiftheportraitwasofAustenornot.Second,theportraitcouldverywellbethatofarelativeofAusten,sxafactthatwouldexplaintheresemblancebetweenitssubjectandthatofCassandra'ssketch.TheextendedAustenfamilywasverylargeandmanyofJaneAusten'sfemalecousinswereteenagersintherelevantperiodorhadchildrenwhowereteenagers.AndsomeoftheseteenagegirlscouldhaveresembledJaneAusten.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatthetruesubjectoftheportraitwasoneofthoserelatives,MarianneKempianzwhowasadistantnieceofAusten's.Third,thepaintinghasbeenattributedtoHumphreyonlybecauseofthestyle.Butotherevidencepointstoalaterdate.Astamponthebackofthepictureindicatesthattheblankcanvas,youknowtheactualpieceofclothonwhichthepicturewaspainted,wassoldbyamannamedWilliamLegg.RecordshowedthatWilliamLeggdidnotsellcanvasesinLondonwhenJaneAustenwasateenager.Heonlystartedsellingcanvaseswhenshewas27yearsold.SoitlookslikethecanvaswasusedforthepaintingatatimewhenAustenwasclearlyolderthanthegirlintheportrait.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:GoodreasonstobelieveapaintinghascomeupforsaleofJaneAusten.Subpoint1:AustenfamilyitselfhasendorsedtheclaimthatgirlinportraitisJaneAusten.Subpoint2:ThefaceinportraitclearlyresemblestheoneinCassandra,ssketch.Subpoint3:EvidenceshowsitwaspaintedwhenAustenwasateenager.LectureAttitude:Notconvincing.SubPoint1:Deadby70yearswhenauthorization.(FamilyneverseenJanezcan,tbesure.)SubPoint2:PortraitcouldbearelativeofAustenandfamiliarwithCassandra'ssketch.(Familyhasmanykidslooklike.MaybeadistancenieceofAusten,s.)SubPoint3:PaintingattributedtoHumphreyonlycauseofstyle.(ThepaintingclothisnotsolduntilAustenis27.)范文逐段赏析Paragraph1ThereadingpassagesuggeststhatthreepiecesofevidenceprovidesupportthataportraitrecentlycommissionedforsalebyamemberoftheAustenfamilyisofateenageJaneAusten.HoweverfthelecturerrejectstheassertionandarguesthatthepaintingcannotbeaportraitofJaneAusten.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）以L的观点为主要观点，先复述R认为有三样证据证明奥斯丁家族一副快要出售的肖像画是简奥斯丁本人。但是L不同意并且认为这幅画不可能是简（Jane）O此段结构：作者在开头段先总结了R的观点，随后表达了反对情绪，并复述了L的观点，为展开论述做了充分的铺垫。Paragraph2First,thelecturerarguesthattheportraitwascommissionedbytheAustenfamily70yearsafterJaneAusten,sdeath,suggestingthatmembersofherextendedfamilymayhavedonesowithouthavingactuallyseenherinperson.Therefore,thefactthattheportraithadbeenendorsedbyherfamilymembersdoesnotnecessarilyprovethatitisaportraitofJaneAustenherself.此段功能：以L的观点起头，L摆出事实：这幅肖像是在Jane死后70年受奥斯丁家族邀请画的，其实这时候的家族成员都没有亲眼见过Jane本人。所以这就是一幅被家族认可的画并不能证明这是一幅Jane的画像。此段结构：此段为分总结构。L为了证明画像不是Jane陈列了相关证据，最后自然的达到证明效应。Paragraph3Second,thelecturerarguesthattheresemblancebetweentheportraitandanauthenticsketchoftheadultJaneAustencanbeexplainedbythehypothesisthattheportraitisactuallyofarelativeofJaneAustenwhentherelativewasateenager.此段功能:在第二点的论证上，L给出了一种新解释：画像和一副真正Jane的素描的相似之处，是因为画像的真实主人公是一位奥斯丁家族的青少年。言下之意，R的这种看见画像和素描相似就认为是Jane本人这种臆断,毫无可信之处。此段结构：分分结构，L只是给出了画像相似之说一种新解释。只要一个反例，就可以把一个绝对的观点推翻。Paragraph4Finall