托福作文写作范文详解ociet.docx

托福作文写作范文详解ReadingNeartheendofhisIifeztheChevalierdeSeingalt(1725-1798)wrotealongmemoirrecountinghislifeandadventures.TheChevalierwasacontroversialperson,butsinceheknewmanyfamousandinfluentialpeopleofhisday,includingkingsandwriters,hismemoirhasbecomeavaluablehistoricalsourceaboutEuropeansocietyinthemidtolateeighteenthcentury.However,somecriticsareskepticalregardingthelegitimacyandaccuracyofthememoir.TheyclaimthattheChevalierdistortedorinventedmanyeventsinthememoirtogivehislifetheappearanceofglamourtomakeitseemmoreexcitingthanitreallywas.Forexample,inhismemoirtheChevalierwritesthatwhilelivinginSwitzerland,hewasverywealthy.Itiscertainthathespentagreatdealofmoneythereonpartiesandgambling;however,evidencehasrecentlybeenuncoveredsuggestingthattheChevalierborrowedlargesumsofmoneyfromaSwissmerchant.CriticsthusarguethatiftheChevalierhadindeedbeenasrichashewritesinhismemoir,hewouldnothaveneededtoborrowmoney.CriticsarealsoskepticalaboutexaggerationsandfalsificationsintheconversationsthattheChevalierrecordsbetweenhimselfandthefamouswriterVoltaire.ItisahistoricalcertaintythattheChevalierandVoltairemetandconversed.However,criticsassertthatthememoircannotpossiblycapturetheseconversationswithtotalaccurately,giventhatitwaswrittenmanyyearsaftertheoriginalconversationsoccurred.Criticspointoutthatitisatbestunlikelyandatworstimpossibletorememberexactphrasesfromconversationsheldmanyyearsearlier.Criticshavealsocalledintoquestionthememoir'saccountoftheChevalier'sescapefromanotoriouslyfamousprisoninVenice,Italy.TheChevalierclaimstohaveescapedtheprisoninVenicebyusingapieceofmetaltobreakaholeintheceilingandthenclimbthroughtheroof.Criticsclaimthatwhilesuchadaringescapeisanenjoyableread,itismorelikelythattheChevaliersjailerswerebribedtofreehim.CriticsalsopointoutthattheChevalierhadanumberofpoliticallywell-connectedfriendsinVenicewhocouldhaveofferedabribe.ListeningProfessor:Nomemoircanpossiblyrecordeveryexploitanddetailwithtotalaccuracy,butstillztheChevalier'smemoirisoverallfairlyconsistent,clearandaccurate;itiszbyandIargezareliablehistoricalsource.Let'stakealookattheaccuracyofthethreeepisodesmentionedinthereading.Firstztheloanfromthemerchant.Itisclearthatthisdoesn'tmeanthattheChevalierwaspoor.Letmeexplain.WeknowthatinSwitzerland,theChevalierspentasmallfortuneonpartiesandgambling.Hehaswealth.Butitwasn'teasilyaccessiblefunds;hiswealthlayinproperty,whichyouhavetosellfirsttogetmoney.Soitusuallytookafewdaystoconverthisassetsintoactualmoney.Sowhenheranoutofcashzhewasforcedtoborrowsomewhilehewaswaitingforhismoneytoarrive.Inhiseyes,asmallpricetopayforhislifestyle.Second,theconversationswithVoltaire.Inhismemoir,theChevalierstatesthateachnightzimmediatelyafterconversingwithVoltairezhewrotedowneverythinghecouldrememberaboutthatparticularnight'sconversation.ItseemsthattheChevalierkepthisnotesoftheseconversationsformanyyearsandusedthemasareferencewhenwritinghismemoir.WitnesseswholivedwiththeChevalierinhislaterlifeconfirmedthatheregularlyconsultednotesandjournalswhencomposingthememoir.ThirdztheChevalier'sescapefromaprisoninVenice.OtherprisonersinthesameprisonhadevenmorepowerfulfriendsthandidtheChevalierzandnoneofthemwereeverabletobribetheirwaytofreedom.Thismakesbriberyhardlyseemlikelyinhiscase.Thebestevidence,though,comesfromsomeolddocumentsfromtheVenetiangovernment.ThedocumentsstatethatsoonaftertheChevalierescapedfromprison,theceilingofhisoldprisonroomhadtoberepaired.Whywouldtheyneedtorepairaceilingunlesshehadescapedexactlyashesaidhedid?阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:SomeclaimChevalierdistortedorinventedmanyeventsinthememoir.Subpoint1:Hewasverywealthybutstillborrowslargesumsofmoney.Subpoint2:Exaggerationsandfalsificationsinconversationsafterwritingitdownmanyyearslater.Subpoint3:Theprisonbreakisquestionable;maybehebribedhiswayout.LectureAttitude:Thememoirisoverallaccurate.SubPoint1:Loandoesn'tmeanpoor.(Hehasproperties.)SubPoint2:Conversationsarewrotedowneverynight(Witnessconfirmedheconsultedthenotes.)SubPoint3:Otherprisonershavebiggerfriends.(Documentssaysceilingofprisonneedtorepair.)范文逐段赏析Paragraph1ThereadingpassageraisesseveraldoubtsabouttheaccuracyandobjectivityofthememoirwrittenbytheChevalierdeSeingalt.Incontrast,theprofessordefendsthememoirbyclarifyingtheseemingcontradictionsintheChevalier'saccounts.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）作者用自己的话复述了R的观点，R对chevalier的回忆录的准确性和客观性有疑问。L表示了反对的逻辑关系，L准备澄清R的几点疑问。此段结构：开头段在总结双方观点表达逻辑关系的时候，没有很无聊的把L观点再写一遍：L认为回忆录是正确的并且做出了几点辩论；而是换了一个说法：L准备澄清Ro这样的表达让人觉得眼前一亮。Paragraph2TheprofessorarguesthatwhilehewaslivinginSwitzerland,theChevalieroccasionallyhadtoborrowfundstopayforexpensiverecreationalactivitiesbecausehewasrichinassetsbutpoorincash.Accordingtotheprofessor,havinglowamountsofcashisnotthesameasbeingdestituteorfinanciallypoor.Theaddedtransactionofborrowingtemporaryfundsmayhavemadehimappearthisway.Thereading,howeverzholdsthatassomeonewhohadtoborrowlargeamountsofmoneyfromothers,theChevaliermighthavefabricatedstoriesofhiswealthyli