角度测量水的测量全册课程随堂练习题.docx
第一章绪论7、某点的经度为118。45,试计算它所在6。带及3。带的带号,以及中央子午线的经度是多少?答:N=INT(118°45'/6+1)=20L=20*6-3=117on=INT(118o45/3+1)=401=40*3=120°第二章水准测量1、设A为后视点,B为前视点;A点高程是20.016m。当后视读数为1.124m,前视读数为L428m,问A、B两点高差是多少?B点比A点高还是低?B点的高程是多少?并绘图说明。答:l=1.124-1.428=-O.3O4Hb=20.016-0.304=19.712wB点比A点低7、调整表2-3中附合路线等外水准测量观测成果,并求出各点的高程。=61.819-57.967=3.852mEhB=4.363+2.413-3.121+1.263+2.716-3.715=3.919wfh=3.919-3.852=0.067mfh=±127+3+4+5+6+8=±68wnH1=H4+/1,+v1=57.967÷4.363+-0067×7=62.316mIA<1I33H,=H1+¼+v0=62.316+2.413+-0067×3=64.723/n2-233H3=H2+3+v3=64.723-3.121+×4=61.594wH4=H3+¼+v4=61.594+1.263+-67×5=62.847wH5=H4+5+v5=62.847+2.716+67×6=65.55IwH6=H5+6+v6=65.551-3.715+三×8=61.820/?8、调整图2-40所示的闭合水准路线的观测成果,并求出各点的高程。fh=h=1.224-1.424+1.781-1.714÷0.108=-0.025mmfh=±1210÷8+8+ll÷12=±84mmH1=H10+1+v1=44.330+1.224+×10=45.559wH2=H1+¼+v2=45.5591.424+x8=44.139M49H3=H2+z3+v3=44.139+1.781+×8=45.924zH4=H3+A4+v4=45.924-1.714+×ll=44.216nH10=H4+A5+v5=44.216+0.108+12=44.330n10、设A、B两点相距80m,水准仪安置于中点C,测得A点尺上读数a1=l.321m,B点尺上的读数b1=l.117m;仪器搬至B点附近,又测得B点尺上的读数b2=L466n,A点尺上读数a2=L695m。试问该仪器水准管轴是否平行于视准轴?如不平行,应如何校正?%=1.321-1.117=0.204?%,=1.695-1.466=0.229?%b*%4=1.466+0.204=1.67Om水准管轴和视准轴不平行。校正方法:调节微倾螺旋使读数为1.670m,调节管水准器一端的调节螺旋使水准管气泡居中。第三章角度测量5、整理表3-5测回法观测水平角的记录手簿。水平角观测记录(测回法)测站盘位目标读数半测回角值平均角值备注0左A002001201624120161224<40wB1201824右A18002061201600B3001806第四章距离测量和直线定向3、用钢尺丈量AB、CD两段距离,AB往测为232.355m,返测为232.340m;CD段往测为145.682m,返测为145.690叽两段距离丈量精度是否相同?为什么?两段丈量结果各为多少?Dar=232.355-232.340=0.015mDab=(232.355+232.340)/2=232.348w1_D_0.015_K-KJ-232.34815400ADCD=145.682-145.690=-0.008Dcd=(145.682+145.690)/2=145.686m1D0.0081KDcd145.686182007、已知A点的磁偏角为西偏21,过A点的真子午线与中央子午线的收敛角为+3',直线AB的坐标方位角a=64。20,,求AB直线的真方位角与磁方位角。A=a+=64o20,+3'=64o23zAw=A-=64o23,-(-2)=64o44,第六章测量误差的基本理论5、函数z=zr2,其中z=x+2y,z2=2-y,X和y相互独立,其m1=my=m,求叫。z=z1÷z2=x+2y+2x-y=3x+ytn.=±y9m2x+mj=yWm6、进行三角高程测量,按h=Dtan计算高差,已知=20°,Ina=±1',D=250m,InD=±0.13m,求高差中误差fflh。mh=±(tana)2w+(Dsec2a)2m1=±J(tan20)2×0.132+(250×sec220)2×(60-)2V206265=±0.094机7、用经纬仪观测某角共8个测回,结果如下:56°32,13",56°32z2,56°32'17",56°32,14",56°32z19",56°32,23",56°32,21",56°32,18",试求该角最或是值及其中误差。X=B=56"32'18.25nV=X-/v1=5.25v2=-2.75v3=1.25v4=4.25v5=1.25v6=4.75,%=-2.75",也=0.25"8、用水准仪测量A、B两点高差9次,得下列结果(以In为单位):L253,1.250,1.248,1.252,1.249,1.247,1.250,1.249,1.251,试求A、B两点高差的最或是值及其中误差。1.253+1.250+1.248+1.252+1.249+1.247+1.250+1.249+1.251八X=.25079v1=-0.003w,v2=Sn,v3=0.002m,v4=-0.002zn,v5=0.00tn,v6=0.003m,v7=0m,v8=0.00lm,v9=-0.00mmx=-j=±0.6346如Wln9、用经纬仪测水平角,一测回的中误差m=+15",欲使测角精度达到m=±5",需观测几个测回?第七章控制测量3、已知A点坐标XA=437.620,yA=721.324;B点坐标x=239.460,y三=196.450o求AB之方位角及边长。4=196.450-721.324=-524.874n,X=239,460-437.620=-198.164<0,X<0-524874aAB=180+arctan=180+690l859.6=249ol8'59.6"-198.16Dab=561.035m4、闭合导线1-2-3-4-5-1的已知数据及观测数据列入表7-30,计算各导线点的坐标。f=87o512ff+150o20,12*+l25o06,42ff÷87029,12+89l3'42"-(5-2)×l80o=87051'12"-12"=87°5OO*,2=150°20'12'-12"=150°20'00'=125o06,42*r-12ff=125o06r30*=87029,12ff-12ff=87o29W;=89°13'42-12=89°13'30%=126o45W23=12+180o-=126o45W+180o-150o20W=156o25,00*4,=%3+180°-,y=156o25W+180°-125o0630ff=21IoI830*a45=a34+180o-=21lol8,30ff+180°-87o29,00*=303o49,30ff51=a45+180o-凤=303o49,30ff+180o-89°13'30"=34°36'00"a12=a51+180°-;=34o36W+180o-87o500zr=126o45'00"X12=D12CoSal2=-64.386,12=D12Sina已=86.223X23=D23COSa23=-66.390,K23=D23sina23=28.982X34=Dy4CoSa34=-153.721,AL4=。34Sina34=-93.494X45=D45COSa45=99.853,匕$=D45sincr45=-149.018X51=D51cosa51=184.794,Y51=D51sina51=127.481/=-64.386-66.390-153.721+99.853+184.794=0.15fy=86.223+28.982-93.494-149.018+127.481=0.174f=+"=0.152+0.1742=0.230IJ=0230_11Kr-D763.8533002000X1,2=X12+-×D12=-64.386-×107.61=-64.4071212D12763.85-f0174K1;=K2+-×Di2=86.223一一:×107.61=86.198,2,2ZD12763.85%23=-66.404,K2r3=28.965,X=-153.756,;=-93.535,X:5=99.818,Ay4;=-149.059,X;1=184,750,5,1=127.430,X2=X1+X;2=500-64.407=435.593Y2=Y+K12=500+86.198=586.198X3=369.189,Y3=615.163,X4=215.433,Y4=521.628,X5=315.25l,y5=372,569,X1=500.001,K1=499.9995、附合导线的已知数据及观测数据列入表7-31,计算附合导线各点的坐标。f=aAB-aCD+4x80°-=54ff=120o30,14ff,/?;=212o15W,=145°10'13",设=170o19z0al=«4+180°-,ft=04"29'46"a12=72°14'02",%c=107°03'49",s=116°44'48"Xl=Dbicosal=297.26XCOSlo4"29'46"=-74.408肛A。1=287.797,X12=57.307,K12=178.853,X2c=-27.407,Kzc=89.288,fx=-74.408+57.307-27.407-(155.37-200.00)=0.122mJy=-0.122m/=0.173,D=297.26+187.81+93.40=578.471/1D-33002000f0122X'=Xi+上XDRl=-74.408:×297.26=-74.47lw,r=287.860见例Md例578.47例X1,2=57.267w,F12=178.893w,X;c=-27.427w,c=89.308wX1=X+X;1=200.00-74.471=125.529*=487.860,X2=182.796/n,Y2=666.753m,Xc=155.369m,Y2=756.061m,第八章大比例尺地形图测绘4、某地的纬度=34°10',经度=108°50',试求该地区划1:1000000、1:1000001:100OO这三种图幅的图号。答:1-49,1-49-62,1-49-62-(30)5、用视距测量的方