宾语从句语法讲解(全).docx

宾语从句语法讲解宾语从句歌诀宾语从句三姊妹，that,if/whether,Whhow展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。歌诀解码一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1 .由that引导的宾语从句。如：Weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.2 .由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.3 .由whozwhere,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?二、三关1 .引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略)；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句，弓I导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/U词。2 .语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Doesheworkhard?IwonderIwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave?Idon,tknow.Tdon'tknowwhenheleft.3 .时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1 .从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：nMayIuseyourknife?''Heaskedme.Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?Heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.2 .宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idonztknow.Idon,tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?Doyouknowwherehelives?四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于两副面孔的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon,tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon,tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）五、从句的简化1 .当主句谓语动词是find,see,watchzhear等感官动词时，从句常简化为宾语+宾补结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2 .当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3 .在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为连接代词周词+不定式结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1 .TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.2 .Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansound.3 .Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidnztknow.Jackdid,tknowthereameetinginfivedays.4 .CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.IwanttoknowFrench.5 .Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellmethechildrengames.6 .Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGanghomeworkyet.7 .Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknowsinthepicture?8 .Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknowhercar?9 .Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwonderedoftenabout.10 .Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon,tknow.Idon,tknowatthedoorsoloudly.11 .Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknowhestillinthatstreet.12 .What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat.13 .Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme.14 .Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboystheyfriedchicken.15 .WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknowthewatchmadeinShanghai.二、选择填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew.A. whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB. whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC. therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()6.1can'tunderstandtheboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen()8.1don'tknowupsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot()9.Themanagercameuptosee.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter()10.Heaskedhisfather.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen()11.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit()12.Couldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking()13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()14.WheredoyouthinkhetheTVset?Sorryzvenoidea.A.zboughtB.haszboughtC.didzbuyD.didbought()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantellitwouldbelikeinfiveyears.A.howzanotherB.whatzmoreC.howzotherD.whatzanother()16.Couldyoutellme?Yes.HetotheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone()17.-Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.Yes.Butifit,wellvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains()18.1reallydon'tknowifsheitwhenshe.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/wil