肉鸡日粮最优的含硫氨基酸与赖氨酸比例.ppt
Optimal Met+Cys:Lys ratio in diets for broilers肉鸡日粮中最优的肉鸡日粮中最优的Met+Cys:Lys 比例比例Determination of optimal amino acid ratios理想蛋白氨基酸比例的测定理想蛋白氨基酸比例的测定Ideal Protein Concept理想蛋白的概念pIdeal ratios between amino acids(reference Lys)p氨基酸的理想比例（以赖氨酸为标准）pShould be applied on basis of digestible amino acidsp应当以可消化氨基酸为基础应用Determination of ideal amino acid ratios理想蛋白氨基酸比例的测定pFactorial approach 析因法pDose-response trials 剂量反应试验Factorial approach析因法析因法Partitioning of amino acid requirement for various purposes factors把氨基酸需要量分割为用于各种目的需要量因子Whats required?需要什么？pAmino acid retention(net accretion)氨基酸的存留（净增加）Analysed content of weight gain,egg mass,feathers,milk yield,etc.分析增重、蛋内容物、羽毛、产奶等的成分pUtilisation of absorbed amino acids吸收氨基酸的利用率Dependent on amino acid balance依赖于氨基酸的平衡pMaintenance requirement维持需要Amino acid requirement for zero gain零增重时的氨基酸需要Function of body weight体重的功能Partition of the lysine requirement赖氨酸需要量的分割赖氨酸需要量的分割Partition of the methionine+cysteine requirement蛋蛋+胱需要量的分割胱需要量的分割Not 100%of the AA absorbed by the small intestine are used for retention吸收的氨基并不能吸收的氨基并不能100利用利用Lysine utilisation=80%赖氨酸利用率赖氨酸利用率80Isoleucine utilisation=61%异亮氨酸利用率异亮氨酸利用率61Lysine accr.(slow)=-22.49+0.76xr2=98%Lysine accr.(fast)=-25.63+0.79xr2=99%Methionine accr.=-3.4+0.68xr2=97%TSAA accr.=-2.74+0.52xr2=97%Threonine accr.=-13.75+0.82xr2=99%Valine accr.=-13.44+0.73xr2=99%x=AA intake氨基酸的食入量氨基酸的食入量H.M.Edwards et.al,Poultry Science,1999Edwards and Baker,Poutry Science,1999Edwards and Baker,Br.J.Nutr,1997D.H.Baker et al.,J.Nutr.,1996Intermediate utilisation of AA氨基酸的平均利用率氨基酸的平均利用率Three sections of an exponential dose-response curve指数剂量反应曲线的三个阶段指数剂量反应曲线的三个阶段Amino acid retention,氨基酸存留，氨基酸存留，g/dy=a+b*(1-e-(c*X)a+b aI IIIII I =slope is almost linear斜率几乎是线性斜率几乎是线性 II =slope is non linear斜率是非线性斜率是非线性 III=slope tends against zero 斜率趋于零斜率趋于零Utilisation of the digested AA is highest in section I在第一阶段，消化的氨基酸利用率最高可消化氨基酸的食入量，可消化氨基酸的食入量，g/dUtilisation of dietary Met in low(18.3%)and high(22.9%)CP diets for broilers肉鸡日粮中高蛋白肉鸡日粮中高蛋白(22.9)和低蛋白和低蛋白(18.3)日粮中日粮中Met的利用率的利用率LP:Low proteinNP:normal protein*Fatufe and Rodehutscord,2005Utilisation of amino acids in broilers depends on genetics在肉鸡上氨基酸的利用率与遗传有关在肉鸡上氨基酸的利用率与遗传有关*Fatufe et al.,20048d-21dPartition of the lysine requirement in broilers在肉上赖氨酸需要量的分割在肉上赖氨酸需要量的分割Partition of the methionine+cysteine requirement in broilers在肉鸡上蛋在肉鸡上蛋+胱需要量的分割胱需要量的分割Effect of age on ideal Met+Cys:Lys ratio年龄对理想蛋年龄对理想蛋+胱比例的影响胱比例的影响Factorial approach析因法析因法Advantages优势Net accretion can be analysed for all AA simultaneously所有氨基酸的净沉积可同时被分析出Net accretion can easily be determined for different ages不同日龄的净存积很易被测出Challenges挑战Utilisation of digestible amino acids difficult to determine可消化氨基酸的利用率很难被测定For each AA separately每一种氨基酸分别测定Dependent on physiological state(age,breed,etc.)生理状态有影响(年龄、品种)Maintenance requirement difficult to determine维持需要很难被测定For each AA separately每一种氨基酸分别测定Regression methodology 回法方法D2O(deuterium oxide)氧化氘Dose-response剂量反应法剂量反应法Whats required?需要什么？Groups of animals to be fed饲喂不同组的动物 Adequate number of replications重复数足够Experimental diets with graded levels of one nutrient试验日粮中添加梯度水平的一种营养素Basal diet is deficient in the nutrient to be investigated测定基础日粮是否缺乏测定的营养素Exact diet mixing精确的日粮的混合配制A defined period of time or age确定的时间或年（日）龄Performance criteria生产性能指标Growth,feed conversion生长，饲料转化率N-retention,breast meat yield氨存留,胸肉产量Parameters measured in plasma血浆参数In the dose response trial there is not partitioning of factors because all of them together determine the response.在剂量反应试验中，没有因子分割，因为所有因子合在一起测定Determination of the optimal Met+Cys:Lys ratio in broilers在肉鸡上测定最优的蛋胱：赖氨酸比例在肉鸡上测定最优的蛋胱：赖氨酸比例Project with Provimi BV,The Netherlands111赢创赢创.创新原动力创新原动力.Material and methods材料与方法材料与方法Birds鸡鸡:1700 day-old,male Ross 308 broilers distributed to pens in order to minimise variatio between pens.1700只1日龄公罗斯 308随机分到笼中，以缩小变异 Housing:2 x 36 raised floor pens/in two rooms/35 C at arrival decreased to 21.5 C at termination 禽舍：禽舍：2 x 36 地面笼/两个房间/鸡雏到达时35 C，以后逐渐最终降至 21.5 C Diets日粮日粮:Corn-wheat soybean meal based 玉米小麦豆粕基础日粮basal starter(1-14d)and grower(14-35d)diets 雏鸡日粮(1-14d),生长鸡日粮(14-35d)5 graded Met+Cys:Lys ratios 5个梯度的蛋胱:赖氨酸比positive control+Lys 正对照+Lysa commercial starter diet was fed when Met+Cys:Lys ratiowas studied in the grower phase 当研究生长鸡阶段的蛋胱：赖氨酸比例时，雏鸡阶段饲喂商业日粮Parameters 参数参数:body weights-weight gain/feed consumption-feed conversion carcass evaluation(5 randomly selected broilers/pen)体增重/饲料消耗饲料转化率/胴体评价(随机选取5只鸡/笼)Design试验设计试验设计TreatmentTFD Met+Cys:TFD LysLysIStarter雏鸡(0-14 days)62.9%9.71II67.8%9.71III72.6%9.71IV77.5%9.71V82.4%9.71VI 阳性对照74.4%10.76VIIGrower生长鸡(14-35 days)62.9%9.44VIII67.8%9.44IX72.6%9.44X77.5%9.44XI82.4%9.44XII 阳性对照74.4%10.46Composition of the starter dietsIngredients,g/kg雏鸡饲料原料组成雏鸡饲料原料组成Treatments 62%67%72%77%82%High LysMaize玉米414.5414.5414.5414.5414.5414.5Wheat小麦150.0150.0150.0150.0150.0150.0Soybean meal豆粕305.4305.4305.4305.4305.4305.4Soy isolate大豆分离蛋白16.216.216.216.216.216.2Maize gluten玉米蛋白粉17.617.617.617.617.617.6Soybean oil豆油35.235
