国际经济学-克鲁格曼1-9章题库(ch1-9).docx

TESTBANKOFINTERNATIONALECONOMICSPartI.Fillintheblankwithsuitablecontent.1.Seventhemesrecurthroughoutthestudyofinternationaleconomics.Theseare,thebalanceofpayments,exchangeratedetermination,internationalpolicycoordination,internationalcapitalmarket.2.Countriesengageininternationaltradefortwobasicreasons:and,3.Acountryhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingagoodifofproducingthatgoodintermsofothergoodsislowerinthatcountrythanitisinothercountries.4.Laboristheonlyonefactorofproduction.aLC、aLWanda；C、a；WaretheunitlaborrequirementincheeseandwineatHomeandForeign,respectively.If,Homehasacomparativeadvantageincheese,pc/pwistherelativepriceofcheese,whenHomeandForeignspecializeinproducingcheeseandwine,respectively.5.Laboristheonlyonefactorofproduction.aLC、aLWandac、a；WaretheunitlaborrequirementincheeseandwineatHomeandForeign,respectively.LandL*areHome'sandForeign,slaborforce.Ifaljc/alw<pcpw<aLC/aw,theworldrelativesupplyofcheeseequals.Home,sgainsfromindirectlyproducingwinecanbeshownas6.Inspecificfactorsmodel(Qw=Q(K,L);QF=QF(T,");L=Lm+Lf),ifHomeproducesandtradesmanufacturedgoodsforfood,theoverallcomparisonofthefivechangerateofgoodspriceandfactorpricePm>。、户犬、r>WinsideHomeis.Thatis,therealincomeofcapitalistsincrease,itcanbeshownas.7.Therearetwomainreasonswhyinternationaltradehasstrongeffectsonthedistributionofincome.First,Second.8.IntheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,Comparativeadvantageisinfluencedbytheinteractionbetweenand9.Accordingto,iftherelativepriceofagoodrises,therealincomeofthefactorwhichintensivelyusedinthatgoodwillrise,whiletherealincomeoftheotherfactorwillfall.IO-Accordingto,atunchangedrelativegoodsprice,ifthesupplyofafactorofproductionincreases,theoutputofthegoodthatareintensiveinthatfactorwillrise,whiletheoutputoftheothergoodwillfall.1!.AccordingIo,ownersofacountry,sabundantfactorsgainfromtrade,butownersofacountry,sscarefactorslose.12.Accordingto,internationaltradeproducesaconvergenceofrelativegoodsprices.Thisconvergence,inturns,causestheconvergenceoftherelativefactorprices.Tradeleadstocompleteequalizationoffactorprices.13.Threeassumptionscrucialtothepredictionoffactorpriceequalizationareinrealityuntrue.Theseassumptionsare(1)(2)(3).14."U.S.exportswerelesscapital-intensivethanU.S.importsvisknownas15.TheRicardianModel,theSpecificFactormodelandtheH-Omodelmaybeviewedasspecialcasesof16.Thestandardtrademodelderivesaworldrelativesupplycurvefromandaworldrelativedemandcurvefrom.17.Toexport-biasedgrowth,ifthedeclineofthewelfarecausedbytheJeteriorationofthetermsoftradeswapovertheriseofthewellrecausedbygrowth,thegrowthis.18.Someeconomistsarguedthatexport-biasedgrowthbypoornationswouldworsentheirtermoftradesomuchthattheywouldbeworseoffthaniftheyhadnotgrownatall.Thissituationisknownas.19.Immiserizinggrowthdemandsstrictconditions,theseconditionsare20.Accordingto“"，tariffsandexportsubsidiesmighthaveperverseeffectsoninternalprice.21.Inthemodelof'"MonopolisticCompetitionandTrade",firmsofanindividualnationfacethetrade-offbetweenand.22.MarshallarguedthattherewerethreemainreasonswhyaclusteroffirmsmaybemoreCfficientthananindividualfirminisolation:,23.Thepatternofintraindustrytradeitselfisunpredicted,determinethedetailsofthetradepattern.39.Whenthereisexternaleconomies,thepatternofinternationaltradeisdeterminedby.24.Theindexesofintrainindustrytradeofaindustrycanbecalculatedbythestandardformula:/=.25.Interindustrytradeandintrainindustrytradearethesourcesofgainsfromtrade.When、，intrainindustrytradeisthedominantsourceofgainsfromtrade,everyonegainsfromtrade.26.Theargumentoftemporaryprotectionofindustriestoenablethemtogainexperienceisknownas27.Ifweaddtogetherthegainsandlossesfromatariff,Wefindthetheneteffectonnationalwelfarecanbeseparatedintotwoparts:and28.Whydocountriesadopttradepoliciessuchastarifforimportquota,whichproducemorecoststhanbenefits?29.Inthepoliticaleconomyoftradepolicy,govementareassumedtomaximizeratherthan.30.Deviationsfromfreetradecansometimesincreasenationalwelfare.Theseargumentsincludeand3!.Accordingto"",domesticmarketfailureshouldbecorrectedbydomesticpoliciesaimeddirectlyattheproblem,ssources.32.Internationaltradeoftenproduceslosersaswellaswinners.Intheactualpoliticsoftradepolicy,incomedistributionisofcrucialimpolance.canexplainwhypoliciesthatnotonlyseemtoproducemorecoststhanbenefitsbutthatalsoseemtohurtfarmorevotersthemtheycanhelpcannonethelessbeadopted.33.TheWTOincludesfouraspectscontent:GATTI994,GATS,34."Nondiscriminatory"principlesincludeprincipleandprinciple35.Forpreferentialtradingagreements,suchas,countriesmustcedepartoftheirsovereigntytosupranationalentity.36.Whetheracustomsunionisdesirableorundesirabledependsonwhetheritlargelyleadstoor.PartII.TrueorFalse(trueandfalsearedenotedby"T"and"F",respectively)l.Ifarw*aLC<aLwaLC,Home,srelativeproductivityincheeseishigher.()2.AccordingtotheRicardianmodel,itispreciselybecausetherelativewageisbetweentherelativeProdJLlCliVilieSthateachcountryendsupwithacostadvantageinonegood.Theg