2023年度外科住院医师临床技能竞赛试题.docx
2023年度外科住院医师临床技能竞赛试题1.Amale,26yearsold,wasinjured10minutesagobyacrashingwallwithseverelydeformedface.Nowhehasdyspneaandstablebloodpressure.Supposeyouareout-calledwiththeambulance,whichofthefollowingmeasuresisoptimumforemergencytreatment.A. endotrachealintubationB. thyrocricocentesisC. cardiopulmonaryresuscitationD. electricaldefibrillationE. facemaskwithgasbagpressureventilation2 .胸腔穿刺抽取一定液体后,患者出现持续咳嗽,应该注意A.提示胸腔积液排放到一定程度,肺已开始复张,抽液体需要慎重,必要时停止操作（正确答案）B.鼓励咳嗽,以利于进一步排净胸腔积液C.给予镇咳药物,继续抽取液体D.让患者平卧位,继续抽液体E.提示伤及肺,引起气胸3 .患者在胸腔穿刺过程中出现胸膜反应时,最重要的处理措施是A.停止操作,平卧观察：B.高流量吸氧C静脉推注糖皮质激素D.静脉推注利尿剂E.静脉推注葡萄糖4 .正常侧卧位脑脊液初压为A.70180mmH2050150mmH20C.100-200mmH2070170mmH20E.90180mmH205 .一名45岁女性患者,因“进行性四肢无力伴大小便潴留2周”就诊,既往有淋巴瘤病史,为明确脊髓病变的性质行腰椎穿刺术,抽取15ml脑脊液送常规、生化、细菌学及脱落细胞学检查。以下有助于预防术后头痛的正确措施是A.腰椎穿刺后头部抬高45。B.多饮水，C尽可能用粗的穿刺针D.腰椎穿刺针的针尖斜面垂直于患者躯干的长轴E.以上都正确6. Topreventandcontrolurinarytractinfectionrelatedtothecatheter,thecorretapprachisA. thecatheterismistakenlyinsertedintothevagina,andthecathetershouldbeimmediatelypulledoutandre-insertedwiththeoriginalcatheterB. thecatheterwaterballoonshouldbefixedintheinnermouthoftheurethraC. collectingbagheighthigherthanbladderlevelD. changingcollectingbagandcatheterdailyE. encouragingpatientstodrinkmorewater7. ThedepthofsternalpunctureislessthenA. IcmB. 1.2cmC. 1.5cmD.2.0cmE.2.5cm8. Theflowingcomplicationsofabdominocentesis,whichoneisnotcorrectA. hepaticencephalopathyB. bleedingC. pleuralreactionD. infectionE. electrolytedisorder9. 以下哪项不是行腹腔穿刺术的目的A.检查腹腔积液性质B.给药C.抽取积液D.检验腹璧血管走行E.进行诊断和治疗疾病10. WhatisthecorrectvolumetoinjectgasintothegastricpouchofSengstaken-BlakemoretubeA.>500mlB.<100mlC.200300mKkD.400500mlE.2000ml11.三腔二囊管使用过程中发生窒息的原因是A.喉头水肿B.牵引过紧C.胃气囊阻塞咽喉，D.血流反流气管E.食管气囊气过多12 .WhichpatientshavehighriskoftensionpneumothoraxduringthethoracentesisA. patientswithseverehemodynamiccompromiseB. patientswithsevererespiratorycompromiseC. patientsreceivingmechanicalventilationD. patientswithsmalleffusionsE. patientswithspontaneouspneumothoraxhistory13 .ThedepthofnasogastricinsertionisaboutA.3035cmB.40-45cmC5560cm(D.6065cmE.6570cm14 .成人心肺复苏判断脉搏的部位在A.施救者同侧颈动脉B.施救者对侧颈劫脉C椀动脉D.施救者同侧股劫脉E.施救者对侧股动脉15 .心脏电除颤描述正确的是A.双相波除颤器效果优于单相波除颤器B.只针对可除颤心律的患者进行除颤C.除颤后一定认真检查患者,看是否心跳已经恢复D.除颤后立即开始人工通气E.除颤的心尖部电极放在胸骨左缘第4肋间16 .房颤电转复的指征是A.房颤伴缓慢心室率B.房颤伴快速心室率C.左心房大，内径45mmD.左室有附壁血栓E.伴洋地黄中毒17.患者发生房颤超过48h,择期做电转复,正确的抗凝治疗方法是A.电转复前口服华法林2周,转律后需继续抗凝3周B.电转复前口服华法林3周,转律后需继续抗凝4周TjC电转复前口服华法林3周,转律后需继续抗凝2周D.电转复前口服华法林4周,转律后需继续抗凝1周E.电转复前口服华法林2周,转律后需继续抗凝2周18. ThepurposeofindwellingcatheterizationdoesnotincludeA. patientswithurinaryincontinence，toprotecttheskinoftheexternalpudendalareaandkeepcleananddryB. preparationbeforepelvicsurgeryC. reductionofwoundinfectionaftersurgeryonanusandperineumD. rescueofcriticallyillpatients；observationandmonitoringofrenalfunctionE. takesamplesofmid-sectionurineforbacterialculture19. Mrs.Hu,female,75yearsold.Shewassufferingfromdifficultybreathing,wasgivingoxygeninhalation,andinhaledoxygenconcentrationof33%,whichisthepatients'oxygenflow(perminute)A.2LB.3LC.4LD.5LE.6L20. 通常每次吸痰的时间为A. <30sB. <25sC. <20sD. <15s(正确答第E. <10s21.Toaspiratesputumforacceptedtracheotomyandmechanicallyventilatedpatient,whichisthefirstandmostimportantmeasurepreferredA.2minutesofpureoxygenabsorptionB. adjusttheappropriatenegativepressureC. attractoralsecretionsD. attractafterballoondeflationE. attractbeforeballoondeflation22 .注射前需核对的内容不包括A.药品名称B.床号C.患者姓名D.患者年龄；M-)E.药品剂量23 .WhichofthefollowingmeansofmedicationadministrationisthefastestabsorptionA. oralmedicationB. subcutaneousinjectionC. intramuscularinjectionD. intravenousinjectionE. intradermicinjection24.以下哪种因素不是皮下注射出血的原因A.注射时针头刺破血管B.患者凝血机制障碍C.拔针后局部按压时间长(D.按压部位不准确E.服用抗凝剂25 .不符合无痛注射技术的一项是A.分散患者注意力B.取合适体位,使肌肉放松C进针后、注射前禁忌抽动活塞D.做到“两快一慢”,即进针快、拔针快、注药慢E.肌内注射刺激性强的药物宜采取深部注射26 .Thenurseispreparingtogiveamedicationtoapatient.Priortodoingthis,shereviewsthefive“rights,ofdrugadministrationexceptA. therightmedicationB. therightdoseC. therightorderD. therightrouteE. therighttime27.血气分析样本如果在室温放置时间延长,可能造成检查结果的偏差,其中不可能出现的是A.样本CO2分压升高B.样本HCO3下降C.样本PH降低D.样本02分压下降E样本PH升高U28 .WhichsequenceofthestructuresiscorrectfromoutsidetoinsideinthefemoraltriangleA. femoralvein,femoralartery,femoralnerveB. femoralartery,femoralvein,femoralnerveC. femoralnerve,femoralvein,femoralarteryD. femoralnerve,femoralartery,femoralveinE. femoralartery,femoralnerve,femoralvein29 .ForwhichkindofexaminationwouldpatientbeaskedtokeepfastingA. hepatitisBvirussurfaceantigenB. completebloodcellC. liverfunctionandrenalfunctionD. C-reactiveproteinE. renalfunction30 .股静脉穿刺时,穿刺点位置及针头与皮肤的角度应为A.股动脉内侧05cm,针头与皮肤呈90。或45。（31 股动脉外侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈90。或45°C.股劫脉内侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈60°D.股动脉外侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈90°E.股动脉外侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈60°31
