居里夫人简介英文版.docx

MarieCurieFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaForotheruses,SeeMarieCLlrie(disambiguation).MarieCurieMarieSkiodowskaCUriaa1920BomMariaSaloeaSklodowska7November1867Warsaw,KingdolnOfPoland,thenpartofRUSSianElnPire'Died4July1934(aged66)PaSSyHaul-Sa-Oie.FranceCauseofdeathRDlaSliCHnCnliaCitizenshipPoland(bybirth)France(bycarriage)ReligionNoneSpouse(s)PierreCUrie(1859-1906)m.1895ChildrenIrtneJoliot-Curie(1897-1956)fcveCurie(1904-2007)ScientificcareerFieldsPhysics,CheIniSlryInstituti<msUniverSiiyOfPariSAlaaBaterUniversityofParisESPaDoctoraladvisorGabriCILiDpfflannRndrC-LouisDUbisnUDoctoral-scarMorRnOstudentsMargueriteCatherinePercyKnownforRadioaCliVityPoloniumRadiuNotableawardsNobelPrizeinPhysics(1903)DaVyMedal(1903)MatteUCCiMedal(1904)EIliCItCrOSSonMedHl(1909)AIbOrlNodnl(1910)XQboIPriZeinCheIniSlry(1911)RiUardGibbSAUard(1921)SignatureNotesSheistheonlypersontovinaYObelPriZeintwodifferentsciences.MarieSktOdOWSkaCurie"'kiuri,kiu'ri:WFrenCh：kvBi;7November1867-4July1934)wasaPolishandnaturalizedFrenchDhvsicistardchemistwhoconductedpioneeringresearchQnradioactivitv.ShewasthefirstWomantoWinaNObelPrize,thefirstpersonandonlywomantowintwice,theonlypersontowintwiceinmultiplesciences,andwaspartoftheCuriefamilylegacyOffiVeNobelPrizes.ShewasalsothefirstwomantobecomeaprofessoratthellniversityOfParis,andin1995becamethefirstwomantobeentombedonherownmeritsinthePantheoninParis.ShewasborMariaSalomeaSktOdOWSka(DrOnOUnCedmariiasal5'meaSkWJdOfSkal)inWarsaw,inwhatwasthentheKindomOfPoland,partoftheRussianEmoire.ShestudiedatWarsaw'sClandeStineFlOatinQUniVerSitVandbeganherpracticalscientifictraininginWarsaw.In1891,aged24,shefollowedheroldersisterBronislawatostudyinParis,wheresheearnedherhigherdegreesandconductedhersubsequentscientificwork.Shesharedthe1903NobelPriZeinPhVSiCSWithherhusbadPierreCurieandwithDhVSiCiStHenriBeCClIlereLShewonthe1911NobelPriZeinChemistry.HerachievementsincludedatheoryOtradioaCtiVity(atermthatshecoined),techniquesforisolatingradioactiveisotopes,andthediscoveryoftwoelements,Doloniumandradium.Underherdirection,theworld'sfirststudieswereconductedintothetreatmentofneoplasms,usingradioactiveisotopes.ShefoundedtheCurinInsUtutesinPariSandinWarsaw,whichremainmajorcentresofmedicalresearchtoday.DuringWorIdWaiJ,sheestablishedthefirstmilitaryfieldradiologicalcentres.WhileaFrenchcitizen,MarieSklodowskaCurie(sheusedbothsurnames)三neverlosthersenseQfPoIishidentity.ShetaughtherdaughtersthePolishIanqlJaqeandtookthemonvisitstoPOland.凰Shenamedthefirstchemicalelementthatshediscovered-polonium,whichsheisolatedin1898-afterhernativeCOUntry.Curiediedin1934atthesanatoriumofSancellemoz(Haute-Savoie),France,duetoaplasticaemiabrouqhtonbyexposuretoradiation-includingcarryingtesttubesofradiuminherpocketsduringresearchandherserviceduriqWorldWarIinmobilX-ravunitscreatedbyher3Contentshide1Biographyo1.1Earlyyearso1.2NewlifeinPariso1.3Newelementso1.4NobelPrizeso1.5WorldWarIo1.6Postwaryearso1.7Death 2Legacy 3Awards,honours,andtributes 4Seealso 5Notes 6References 7Furtherreadingo7.1Nonfictiono7.2Fiction 8ExternallinksBiographyEarlyyearsBirthplaceOnuIiCaFretamWarsaw's-NewTown,-nowhometoIheMariaSkkxloWSka-CUrieMUSeUmMariaSklodowskawasborninWarsaw,intheRussianDartitiOnofPoland,on7November1867,asthefifthandyoungestchildofwell-knownteachersBronislawa1neeBoguska,andWladyslawSklodowski.Maria'soldersiblingswereZofia(born1862),J6zef(1863),Bronistawad865)andHelena(1866).12WtadyslawSklodowskiwithdaughterSarom-aria.BroniStaWa,Helena,1890Onboththepaternalandmaternalsides,thefamilyhadlosttheirpropertyandfortunesthroughpatrioticinvolvementsinPolishnationaluprisingsaimedatrestoringPoland'sindependence(themostrecenthadbeentheJanuaryUDriSingOf1863-65).三Thiscondemnedthesubsequentgeneration,includingMaria,hereldersistersandherbrother,toadifficultstruggletogetaheadinlife.三Maria'spaternalgrandfather,J6zefSklodowski,hadbeenarespectedteacherinLublin,wherehetaughttheyouqBolesawPrus,mjwhowouldbecomealeadingfigureinPolishliterature.Herfather,WladystawSklodowski,taughtmathematicsandphysics,subjectsthatMariawastopursue,andwasalsodirectoroftwoWarsawayznnaszaforboys.倒AfterRussianauthoritieseliminatedlaboratoryinstructionfromthePolishschools,hebroughtmuchofthelaboratoryequipmenthome,andinstructedhischildreninitsuse.倒ThefatherwaseventuallyfiredbyhisRussiansupervisorsforpro-Polishsentiments,andforcedtotakelower-payingposts;thefamilyalsolostmoneyonabadinvestment,andeventuallychosetosupplementtheirincomebylodgingboysinthehouse.Maria'smotherBronislawaoperatedaprestigiousWarsawboardingschoolforgirls;sheresignedfromthepositionafterMariawasborn.但ShediedOftuberculosisinMay1878,whenMariawastenyearsOld.用LeSSthanthreeyearsearlier,Maria'soldestsibling,Zofia,haddiedQftyDhuscontractedfromaboarder.Maria'sfatherwasanatheist;hermotheradevoutCatholiCaThedeathsofMaria'smotherandsister