2023终极八篇第一篇原文+题目.docx

FORNEWtruckdriversinPortland,Oregon,a$30,000signingbonus.Fornewrecruitsinthearmy,a$50,000bonus.RouteclosuresforpublicbusesfromTexastoNorthDakota.AnendtoautomaticdailyhousekeepingatmostHiltonandMarriotthotels.OffersbyAmazonandWalmarttocovercollegetuitionfortheiremployees.ThethreadthatrunsthroughallthesesnapshotsatinysampleofsuchstoriesisaremarkableimbalancebetweentheneedforworkersandtheiravailabilityinAmericatoday.Theeconomyhassurgedbeyonditspre-covid-19levelofGDRCompaniesinjustabouteveryindustry,fromhospitalitytofinance,aredesperatetohirepeopletokeepupwithdemand.Butthenumberswillingtoworkforthemarecreepingdown:Americahasabout3mfewerworkersnowthanontheeveofthepandemic,a2%contractioninthelabourforce.Thosewhohaveleftthejobsmarketcanbedividedintothreebroadgroups:peopleintheirprimeworkingyearswho,forvariousreasons,wouldratherbeathome;olderpeoplewhowereheadingtowardsretirementandhavespeededuptheirdepartures;andimmigrants,whoseflowthroughlegalchannelshasdriedup.Onefactorexplainingtheirreluctancemaybethesurgeinpropertypricesandstocks,accordingtoeconomistsattheFederalReserve*sbranchinStLouis.Thoseonthecuspofretirementwithamplesavingsmaynowfeellessofaneedtopunchtheclock.Theremayalsobeamoretroublingexplanation.Olderpeoplehavebeenhitharderbycovid,andillhealth,orthethreatthereofcoulddeterthemfromworking,saysBetseyStevenson,aneconomistattheUniversityofMichigan.Eitherway,thelongerolderpeoplestayoutofwork,theharderitwillbeforthemtogetbackin.Adeclineinimmigrantscompoundsthat.ForalltheattentiontoillegalbordercrossingsfromMexico,thebiggerstoryismissingforeignersinAmerica.Thereareabout2mfewerworking-ageimmigrantsthantherewouldhavebeenhadpre-covidtrendscontinued,accordingtoGiovanniPeriandReemZaiouroftheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Roughlyhalfwouldprobablyhavehaduniversitydegrees,sotheirabsencehurtshigh-skillandlow-skillindustriesalike.Still,theoddsarethatthejobmarketwillbealittlecalmerbytheendoftheyear;thankstoacombinationofslowereconomicgrowth,afadingpandemicandmoreprime-ageAmericansresumingwork.Buttheextremetightnesstodaywillhaveofferedaglimpseintothefutureasageingdepletesthepoolofpotentialworkers.MsWanamakerdescribestheprospectasawperpetuallabourshortage”.Gettingbywithlesshelpwillbethenewnormal.Ql:TheauthorintroducedhistopicbyA. CitingsomeinstancesB. MakingacomparisonC. JustifyinganassumptionD. RefutingafactQ2:Thephrase,creepingdown"(line5,para2)isclosestinmeaningtoA. boastB. fluctuateC. boomD. DecreaseQ3:ThecurrentcontractioninlaborforcecanpartlybeattributedtoA. American,sgreedyforpropertyandstocksB. American,soptimismaboutpost-covid-19economyC. Eders'reluctancetoendurehardworkD. Seniorcitizens,poorhealthconditionQ4:AccordingtoGiovanniPeriandReemZaiour,shrinkageinimmigrantsmayA. AggravatetheillegalbordercrossingB. PoseathreattomultipleindustriesC. StimulatetheneedforhighereducationD. BoostthedemandforskilltrainingQ5:WhatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphaboutthelabourcrisisinAmerica?A. Itwillbesolvedinthelong-runB. ItwillbetighterinthenearfutureC. IthasbeenalleviatedfornowD. Itwillfacearatherbleakfuture