一轮复习人教必修一unit4earthquake单元测试.docx

2. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A. NigeriahasthelargestnumberofdiabetescasesB. overweightpeopleareathigherriskofinfectiousdiseasesC. theexaminedinformationcomesfromdevelopingcountriesD. industrializationcontributestothespreadoftheWesterndiet答案：D推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句可推知，工业化、人口增长和收入增加造成了西方饮食的广泛传播，故D项正确。3. Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A. callonustoprotecttheenvironmentB. warnusofthedangeroftheWesterndietC. remindusoftheimportanceofhealthD. adviseustohaveabalanceddiet答案：B推理推断题。结合全文，尤其是依据文章最终一段最终一句可知，西方饮食有害健康，不利于环境,故作者是想通过该文让人们警惕西方饮食带来的危害。BTbgetanextra14yearsoflife,don'tsmoke,eatlotsoffruitsandvegetables,exerciseregularlyanddrinkalcoholinaproperamount,accordingtoastudypublishedthisMondayinthePUbliCLibraryOfScienceMedicine.Aftertrackingmorethan20,000peopleaged45to79intheUnitedKingdomfromabout1993to2019,Kay-TecKhawoftheUniversityofCambridgeandhiscolleaguesfoundthatpeoplewhoadoptedthesefourhealthyhabitslivedanaverageof14yearslongerthanthosewhodidn't.tWe'veknownIbralongtimethatthesebehaviorsaregoodthingstodo,butwe'venotseenthebenefitbefore,saidSusanJcbb,headOfNutritionandHealthResearchattheUKMedicalResearchCouncil.tThebenefitwasalsoseenregardlessofwhetherornotpeoplewerefatandwhatsocialclasstheycamefYom.”Studyparticipants（参与者）scoredapointeachfornotsmoking,regularphysicalactivity,eatingfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesadayandrrleratealcoholintake.Publichealthexpertssaidtheyhopedthestudywouldinspiregovernmentstointroducepolicieshelpingpeopletoadoptthesechanges.Butbecausethestudyonlyobsen,edpeopleratherthantestingspecificchanges,itwouldbeimpossibletoconcludethatpeoplewhosuddenlyadoptedthesehealthybehaviorswouldsurelygain14years.第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分34分）第一节（共12小题：每小题2分，满分24分）ThespreadofWesterneatinghabitsaroundtheworldisbadforhumanhealthandtheenvironment.ThesefindingscomefromanewreportinthejournalNature.DavidTilman,aprofessorofecologyattheUniversityofMinnesota,America,examinedinformationfrom100countriestoidentifywhatpeopleateandhowadietaffectedhealth.Henotedamovementbeginninginthe1960s.Hefoundthatasnationsindustrialized（工业化），populationincreasedandearningsrose,morepeoplebegantoadoptwhathasbeencalledtheWesterndiet.TheWesterndietishighinsugar,fat,oilandmeat.Byeatingthesefoods,peoplebegantogetfatterandsicker.DavidTilmansaysoverweightpeopleareatgreaterriskofnon-infectiousdiseaseslikediabetes（糖尿病）andheartdisease.Unfortunatelywhenpeoplebecomeindustrialized,iftheyadoptthisWesterndiet,theyaregoingtohavethesehealthproblems,especiallyindevelopingcountriesinAsia.Chinaisanexamplewherethenumberofdiabetescaseshasbeenjumpingfromlessthanonepercentto10percentofthepopulationastheybegantoindustrializeovera20-yearperiod.Andthatishappeningallacrosstheworld,inMexico,inNigeriaandsoon.And,adietbadforhumanbeingsisalsobadfortheenvironment.Astheworld'spopulationgrows,moreforestsandtropical（热带的）areaswillbecomefarmlandsforcropsorgrasslandsforcattle.Wearelikelytohavemoregreenhousegasinthefuturefromagriculturethanthatcomingoutofallformsoftransportationrightnow.MrTilmancallsthelinkbetweenthediet,theenvironmentandhumanhealth,"atrilemma”aproblemofferingadifficultchoice.HesaysonepossiblesolutionisleavingtheWesterndietbehind.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。自然杂志上一篇新的报告表示，西方饮食对人的健康和环境有不良影响，人们应警惕西方饮食带来的危害。1. Accordingtothepassage,moregreenhousegasmightbegivenoffinthefuturefrom.A. transportationB. developingcountriesC. agricultureD. developedcountries答案：C细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段的最终一句可知，将来更多的温室气体排放可能来自于农业，故选择C项。BcijinghasbecomethefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGamesafterbeatingKazakhstan'sAlmatytoholdthe2022WinterOlympics.FollowingacloseddoorvotebyInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)members,PresidentThomasBachannouncedthatBeijingisIhewinnerof2022WinterOlympicsduringthe128thIOCSessioninKualaLumpuronFridayafternoon.Withafullypreparedfinalpresentationbyanallstarteam,Beijinghassuccessfullyconvincedthecommitteemembersthatthe2019OlympicshostcityisamorefavoredcandidatefortheWinterGames.ThehighpowereddelegationassuredIOCmembersthatBeijingwasthesafechoicebecauseithadalreadyproveditcouldStagetheGamesandsaiditwouldtakewintersportsintothebackyardoftheworld'smostpopulatedcountry.ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsentaletterofappreciationtoPresidentThomasBachonFridayevening,expressingthankstoIOCforitstrustandsupportinselectingBeijingtogetherwithZhangjiakouasthehostofthe2022OlympicandParalympicWinterGames.TheBritishOlympicAssociation(BOA)congratulatedBeijingonwinning山ebidandbelievedtheChinesecapitalwillhosta“great“WinterOlympics.Thecapitalpromisesasustainable(可持续的)OIymPiCSbytakingfulladvantageofexistingvenues.Anditwilltakeaseriesofmeasurestodealwithairpollutionforasuccessful2022Games.Bidofficialssaidwinningthehostingrightsforthe2022WinterOlympicswillfuelregionalintegrationbetweenBeijing,TianjinandHcbciProvince,especiallyontransportation,airpollutioncontrolandtourism.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了北京胜利申办2022年冬奥会的状况。1. Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A. Beijingistheonlycitytohost2022WinterOlympics.B. Beijingis