英国发展研究所-针对长期危机：尼日尔案例研究（英）-2023.12_市场营销策划_重点报告20230.docx

uaidfrom the British peopteBETTERASSISTANCEINCRISESRESEARCHTargetinginProtractedCrises:NigerCaseStudyFredMerttens5LouisHodeyandAlexandraDoyleDecember2023ImplementedbyinstHutofdvlop<nfftttudiBetterAssistanceinCrises(BASIC)Research(fundedbyUKaid)aimstoinformpolicyandprogrammingonhowtohelppoorandvulnerablepeoplepebetterwithcrisesandmeettheirbasicneedsthroughmoreeffectivesocialassistance.AllcostsrelatedtoBASICResearcharecoveredbytheUKForeign,Commonwealth&DevelopmentOffice(FCDO).Formoreinformationabouttheprogramme,visitBASlCReSearChLinkedmandBASlCReSearChOPenDoCSCollection.SummaryTargetingsocialassistanceinsituationsofprotractedconflict,displacementorrecurrentclimateshockssothatitreachesthosemostinneedinatimelyandeffectivemanner,andwithoutdoingfurtherharm,isacomplextechnicalandpoliticalchallengefordevelopmentandhumanitarianactorsacrossgovernmentandnon-governmentsectors.Trade-OffSinvolvingcostsbeyondtheeconomic-suchasriskofexclusion,andconcernsoverprotectionandsocialcohesion-raisekeyquestionsaboutwhototarget,howtotargetorwhethertotargetatall(i.e.throughuniversalcoverageorlotteries).Whiletargetingeffectivenessisfairlywellresearchedinstabledevelopmentcontexts,thereismuchlessunderstandingandevidenceaboutwhatworksbestinprotractedcrisissettings.ThispaperisoneofthreecountrycasestudiescoveringEthiopia,Niger,andNigeria.Eachcasestudyfocusesonaspecifictimeperiodtodemonstratehowthechallengeoftargetingmightbeapproachedinsituationsofprotractedcrisesbasedonactualhistoricalexamples.Theobjectiveofthisapproachistogenerateinsightsonthetopicoftargetinginacomparativewayandbyconsideringvulnerabilityasadynamiccondition.ThecasestudieswillbeusedtoproduceasynthesispaperthatwillbringfindingstogethertodrawoutgenerallessonsIortargetingsocialassistanceincrisiscontexts.Thiscasestudyfocusesonthe2012Saheldrought,whichproducedafoodsecurityemergencyinNiger.Usingtwoyearsofpaneldata(2011and2014)fromeithersideofthe2012droughtcrisisintheSahel,weanalysewhowasaffectedbytheshockandhowtheywereimpacted.Weusethedatatomodelthenotionalperformanceofdifferentpotentialtargetingapproaches-hadtheybeenusedatthetime-toindicatethetypesofchoicesandtrade-offsthatmaybenecessarywhenselectingappropriatetargetingcriteriaforresponsestosimilarcrisesinthefuture.Finally,wealsoconsiderthestatusofenablingconditions(suchasmobilephonenetworkandelectricitycoverage)forimplementingdifferenttargetingapproachesinshock-responsivesocialassistance.AbouttheauthorsFredMerttensisaseniorresearcherspecialisedinpovertyanalysisandsocialprotectionpolicy.Hehasover16years1experiencedesigningandleadingmultidisciplinaryappliedresearchprojectsforpublicpolicyreformforarangeofinternationaldevelopmentorganisations,governmentsandnon-governmentalorganisationsinAfrica,theMiddleEast,CentralAsiaandEurope.FredisTechnicalLeadonthetargetingworkstreamfortheBASICResearchprogramme.1.ouisHodeyisadevelopmentresearcherspecialisinginrurallivelihoodstudies,povertyanalysis,impactevaluations,socialprotection,agriculturalcommercialisationandclimatechange.Hehasovertenyears,experienceindesigningandimplementingmultidisciplinaryresearchindevelopingcountriesincludingBurkinaFaso,Colombia,Ethiopia,Ghana,Mali,Niger,NigeriaandZimbabwe.Mostrecently,LouisworkedasaPrincipalResearchAssistantattheInstituteofStatistical,SocialandEconomicResearch,UniversityofGhana.LouisisaquantitativeresearcheronthetargetingworkstreamfortheBASICResearchprogrammeattheInstituteofDevelopmentStudies.AlexandraDoyleisaninternationaldevelopmentresearcherspecialisinginsocialprotectionpolicyandmonitoringandevaluation.ShehasworkedonarangeofprojectsacrossAfrica,AsiaandtheMiddleEast,includingtheGambia,Kenya,Lebanon,Mozambique,Nepal,Nigeria,SierraLeone,SouthAfrica,Thailand,ZambiaandZimbabwe.MostrecentlyAlexwasMonitoringandEvaluationDeputyDirectorfortheWesternCapeGovernment,SouthAfrica.ExecutivesummaryIntroductionTheBetterAssistanceinCrises(BASIC)Research,systemsfordesignanddelivery*themeincludesatargetingworkstreamthatlooksathowtomakethedesignanddeliveryofsocialassistanceprogrammesmoreeffectiveandresponsiveincrisiscontexts.Thisworkstreamaimstoproducefouroutputs,comprisingthreecountrycasestudies-coveringEthiopia,Niger,andNigeria-andasynthesispaperthatwillbringthefindingsfromthecasestudiestogethertodrawoutgenerallessonsTortargetingsocialassistanceincrisiscontexts.Thefindingsfromthecasestudiesareintendedtoinformgloballearning,anddecisionmakersingovernments,developmentpartners,internationalfinancialinstitutions,andhumanitarianactorswhoareinvolvedinthedesignanddeliveryofsocialassistanceprogrammesinsituationsofprotractedcrises.Eachcountrycasestudywillfocusonaspecificperiodtodemonstratehowthechallengeoftargetingmightbeapproachedinsituationsofprotractedcrisesbasedonanactualhistoricalexample.TheobjectiveofthisapproachistogenerateinsightsonthetopicOftargetinginacomparativewayandbyconsideringvulnerabilitytosuchcrisesasadynamiccondition.ThiscountrycasestudyreportfocusesonNiger.Itconcentratesonthespecificfoodinsecuritycrisis