【英美文学论文】浅谈《鲁滨逊漂流记》与殖民主义.docx

AbstractDanielDefoeisagreatEnglishnovelistinthel8thcentury.RobinsonCrusoe,hismasterpiece,iseitherapioneeringEnglishadventurefictionoratypicalcolonialliterature.ltnotonlyisavividnarrativestoryaboutthesurprisingandadventuringlifeofRobinson,butalsohasthethemeofcolonismwhichisrepresentedonaseriesofbinaryoppositionalcolonialdiscourses:thecolonialcountryandthecolony,masterandslave,thewhiteandthecolored,centralcultureandmarginalculture,civilizationandSavageness5Christianityandcannibalsandallthat.Withpost-colonialcriticismasitsvisualangle,thisthesissetsonthehistoryofEuropeancolonialism,analyzesthedescriptionofcharacters,narrativewordsandthegrowingprocessofTriday,wholoseshisnationalcultureidentitytodeconstructthosecolonialdiscourses,exploresthestrategiesforcolonist,sculturalcolonizationtothosepeopleinthecoloniesandrevealsthedilemmaoflosingtheirnationalcultureidetity.Thisanalysisgivesusanewperspectiveinappreciationthisclassicalworkandatypicalcasestudyofhowthecolonistsexerttheculturalruleonthepeopleinthecolonies.KeyWordsRobinsonCrusoejcolonialismjcolonialdiscourses;culturalcolonization摘要鲁滨逊漂流记是18世纪英国作家丹尼尔笛福的代表作，是英国历险小说的源头，也是一部带有强烈殖民主义意识的文学作品。它不仅生动地讲述了小说主人公鲁滨逊开拓荒岛的详细过程，也描绘了他驯服改造原始部族人“星期五”的手段和策略。本课题着重以“后殖民主义批评”（易小斌，2004:64-68）为视角，拟从历史文化背景、人物刻画以及话语分析入手，对鲁滨逊漂流记中所建立起的宗主国/殖民地，奴隶主/奴隶，白种人/有色人，中心文化/边缘文化，文明/野蛮，基督教/食人部族等二元对立的殖民话语体系进行解构，揭示蕴涵在作品中的殖民主义意识，并阐释鲁滨逊如何以枪炮为后盾，有计划地从语言和宗教信仰两方面对“星期五”进行赤裸裸的文化殖民，使其丧失了原有的民族文化身份，从而造成自我身份丧失的窘境。本课题为读者重读经典开辟了一个新的视角，也为读者审视殖民者的文化统治提供了一个典型个案。关键词鲁滨逊漂流记；殖民主义；殖民话语；文化殖民IntroductionColonialismistheconsequenceofwesterncapitalaccumulation.ltoriginatesfromtheperiodsofDiscoveryandExplorationsince15thcentury.Somecriticsthinkthatitbreakstheseparationofthe0IdWorldandtheNewWorldandalsoencouragestheexchangeofbothCUItUreS.（李伯庚，2003）ACtUally,from15thtol9thcentury,itisalonghistoryofexploitationandinvasionamongEuropeanpowers.TheyaremotivatedbythelureofwealthinAsia,thespicetradeinlndia,thegoldandsilverinAmerica,andtheslavesofAfricaafterreadingMarcoPolo'sTravels.(Spielvogel,281)DuringthisPeriod5Europeancountriesgethandsomeprofitsandbecomegreatempires.EspeciallyforBritain,tillthereignofQueenVictoria5Shebecomes,theEmpireonWhichtheSunNeverSetsand"theMistressoftheSeasn.(Clemen,2003)0nthecontrary,whattheybringtothepeopleinthecoloniesisravagingtheirland,mockingtheirgods,banishingtheirlanguages,decimatingtheirpopulationthroughdisease5andsubjugatingtheirchildrentoasubservientanddependentstatus.(Rogers,461-519)HoweverJncolonialliterature,allthedevilpracticesofthosecolonistshavebeenerased,instead,weoftenfindthemessagesconveyedeverywherethatthewhitesarespreading,'civilization"tonon-westernersfortheyjustifiesthattheyareunderthecalloftheGodtoudelivertheinferiorraces,and"civilizethesavages".FactuaIIyJtisoneofpopularcolonialdiscoursesfortheirculturalcolonizationorinvasion.DanielDefoeisagreatEnglishnovelistinthel8thcentury.RobinsonCrusoe,hismasterpiece,iseitherapioneeringEnglishadventurefictionoratypicalcolonialliterature.ltnotonlyisavividnarrativestoryaboutthesurprisingandadventuringlifeofRobinson,butalsohasthethemeofcolonism.Withpost-colonialcriticismasitsvisualangle,thispapersetsonthehistoryofEuropeancolonialism,analyzesthedescriptionofcharacters,narrativewordsandthegrowingprocessofTriday,wholoseshisnationalcultureidentitytodeconstructthosebinaryoppositionalcolonialdiscourses:thecolonialcountryandthecolony,masterandslave,thewhiteandthecOlored1CentraIcultureandmarginalCuIturejCiviIizationandsavageness,Christianityandcannibalsandthelike,explorestheStrategiesforcolonist'sculturalcolonizationtothosepeopleinthecoloniesandrevealsthedilemmaoflosingtheirnationalcultureidentity.1.ColonialDiscoursesIncolonialliteratures,thecolonialdiscoursesareprevailing.Especiallyduringtheperiodofcolonialismandimperialism,thosenovelistspreferredtoproduceasuccessionofpowerfuldiscoursesasausefulapproachtospreadingcolonism.Thewesternersweregoodatcreating"thewhitemythology"andconstructingimaginative,'others,.lnOrientaIismjEdwardSaidpointedout,“thelong-termimages,stereotypesandgeneralideologyaboutthe'theOrienfasthe,0ther,constructedbygenerationsofWesternSchoIarsjWhichproducemythsaboutthelaziness,deceitandirrationalityofOrientals,aswellasthereproductionandrebuttalincurrentdebatesontheArab-Islamicworldanditsexchanges,particularly,withtheUnitedStates.,(Seldenetal.,223)RobinsonCrusoeisatypicalcolonialliteraturethathasathemeofColonismwhichisrepresentedonaseriesofbinaryoppositionalcolonialdiscourses:thecolonialcountryandthecolony,masterandslave,thewhiteandon-white,centralcultureandmarginalculture,civilizationandSavagenessjChristianityandcannibalsandotherdiscourses.WiththeconfidenceofBritainImperiaIismjRobinson,1herepresentativeofthosecolonistscontinuouslyclaimedhimselfasthecivilizedman,hiscultureasthecentralculture,thushehadthecompetenceofenslaving"theother"andSpreadingnCiviIization"to"theinferiorrace".A.MasterandSlaveWehavelearnedfromtheEuropeanculturethattheRenaissancederivedfromandroseinItalyandthenspreadtootherEuro