SolarpanelPhotovoltaicpanel.docx

SolarpanelPhotovoltaicpanel目录Principleofpowergeneration2Materials2Advantagesanddisadvantages5Appliciation6Summary8Reference9PrincipleofpowergenerationThebasicprincipleofphotovoltaicpowergenerationisthe"photovoltaiceffect".Whenaphotonhitsametal,itsenergycanbeabsorbedbyanelectroninthemetal,andtheenergyabsorbedbytheelectronisenoughtoovercometheinternalgravityofthemetaltodoworkandescapefromthemetalsurfaceasaphotoelectron."Photogeneratingvolteffect",referredtoas"photovoltaiceffect".Referstothelightcausedbyunevensemiconductororsemiconductorandmetalbondingbetweendifferentpartsofthephenomenonofpotentialdifference.Firstly,photons(lightwaves)areconvertedintoelectrons,andlightenergyisconvertedintoelectricenergy.Thesecondistheprocessofformingvoltage.Withvoltage,itislikebuildingadam,andifthetwoareconnected,acircuitofcurrentwillbeformed.Photovoltaicpowergeneration,itsbasicprincipleisthe"photovoltaiceffect".Thesolarexpert'sjobistofinishthejobofmakingthevoltage.Solarcells,whichconvertelectricMaterialsPolysiliconsolarcells.TheproductionprocessofpolycrystallinesiliconsolarcellisSimilartothatofmonocrystallinesiliconsolarcell,butthephotoelectricconversionefficiencyofpolycrystallinesiliconsolarcellismuchlower,itsphotoelectricconversionefficiencyisabout12%(Theworld'shighestefficiencypolycrystallinesiIiconsolarcellwith14.8%efficiencylaunchedbySharpinJapanonJuly1,2004).Intermsofproductioncost,itischeaperthanmonocrystallinesiliconsolarcells,thematerialissimpletomanufacture,savespowerconsumption,andthetotalproductioncostislow,soithasbeendevelopedinlargequantities.Inaddition,theservicelifeofpolysiliconsolarcellsisshorterthanthatofmonocrystallinesolarcells.Theproductionofpolysiliconsolarcellsneedstoconsumealargenumberofhighpuritysiliconmaterials,andthemanufacturingprocessofthesematerialsiscomplicated,andthepowerconsumptionisveryhigh,whichhasexceeMonocrystallinesiliconsolarcell.Atpresent,thephotoelectricconversionefficiencyofsinglecrystalsiliconsolarcellsisabout15%,withthehighestreaching24%,whichisthehighestphotoelectricconversionefficiencyofallkindsofsolarcellsatpresent.TheteChnologyisalsothemostsophisticatedbutissoexpensivetoproducethatitisnotyetwidelyandwidelyusedinlargenumbers.Asmonocrystallinesiliconisgenerallypackagedwithtemperedglassandwaterproofresin,itisrobustanddurable,anditsservicelifecangenerallyreach15years,upto25years.Singlecrystalsiliconsolarcellisoneofthemostrapidlydevelopedsolarcells,itsconstructionandproductionprocesshasbeenfinalized,productshavebeenwidelyusedinspaceandground.Thesolarcellismadeofhighpuritysinglecrystalsiliconrod.Inordertoreducetheproductioncost,solarcellsandothergroundapplicationsarenowusingsolargradesinglecrystalsiliconrods,materialperformanceindicatorshavebeenrelaxed.CharacteristicsCrystallinesiliconisthemostimportantphotovoltaicmaterial,whichischaracterizedbygrayblacksolidwithmetallicluster,highmeltingpoint,highhardness,brittleness,andlowchemicalactivityatroomtemperature.Itsmarketshareismorethan90%,anditwillstillbethemainstreammaterialofsolarceIlsforalongtimeinthefuture.Monocrystallinesiliconhasthephysicalpropertiesofquasimetalsandweakconductivity.Itsconductivityincreaseswiththeincreaseoftemperature,andithasremarkablesemiconductivity.Ultra-puremonocrystallinesiliconisanintrinsicsemiconductor.Ap-typesiliconsemiconductorcanbeformedbydopingatraceamountofIIIAgroupelements,suchasboron,intoultrapuresinglecrystalsilicon.Forexample,theadditionofatraceamountofVAelements,suchasphosphorusorarsenicjcanalsoimprovetheconductivityandformn-typesiliconsemiconductors.AdvantagesanddisadvantagesAdvantagesNodangerofdepletion;safeandreliable,nonoise,nopollutionemissions,absoluteclean;notrestrictedbythedistributionofresources,cantakeadvantageoftheadvantagesofthebuildingroof;forexample,inareaswithoutelectricity,aswellasinareaswithcomplexterrain;localpowergenerationwithouttheneedforfuelconsumptionandtransmissionlines;highenergyquality;andemotionalacceptancebyusers;theconstructioncycleisshort,andthetimetakentoobtainenergyisshort.DisadvantagesTheproductionofsolarpanelshasthecharacteristicsofhighpollution,highenergyconsumption,theradiationofenergydistributiondensityissmall,thatistooccupyahugearea;theenergyobtainedisrelatedtoweatherconditionssuchasfourseasons,dayandnight,andsunnyandcloudy;atpresent,comparedwiththermalpowergeneration,thegenerationopportunitycostishigh;photovoltaicpanelmanufacturingprocessisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.AppliciationFisherlightcomplementaryphotovoltaicpowergenerationFishinglightcomplementary,asthenameimplies,need"fishing,'and"lighf'."Fisheryandlightcomplementary"istoinstallphotovoltaicpowergenerationpanelsonthefisheryaquaculture,andconductaquacultureworkunderthephotovoltaicpowergenerationpanels.Thisisthenewphotovoltaicapplicationmodeof"abovecangenerateelectricity,belowcanbefarmed".Thebenefitsofsuchafarmingmodelareenormous.Fromthepointofviewofthefarmers,thephotovoltaicpanelscaneffectivelyblockoutthesun