美国名人词作家诗人社会活动家茱丽雅·沃尔德·何奥.docx

美国名人词作家诗人社会活动家茱丽雅沃尔德何奥JuliaWardHowe,1819-1910:TheAnti-SlaveryActivistWroteOneoftheGreatCivilWarSongsplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:11repeatByShelleyGollust2008-1-12VOICEONE:mRayFreeman.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.JuliaWardHoweToday,wetellaboutJuliaWardHowe.ShewroteoneofthegreatsongsoftheAmericanCivilWar,the"BattleHymnoftheRepublic."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Marchingsoldiers.Noendtothelinesofsoldiersmarchingacrosstheland.TheycamefromthenorthernstatesfightingtokeeptheUniontogether.AndtheycamefromthesouthernstatesfightingforaseparateConfederategovernmentthatwouldprotecttheirrighttohaveslaves.Insummerandwinter,thefightingcontinued.Thesunburnedlikefire.Thesoldiersmarchedon.Thecoldwinterwindsblewsnowintheirfaces.Thesoldiersmarchedon.TheUnitedStateswasanationcutintwobyabitterstruggleoverslaveryandastate'srighttoleavetheUnion.America'sCivilWarlastedfouryears.Itdestroyedtheland.Anditdestroyedtheyoungmenofthenation.VOICETWO:ManystorieshavebeentoldaboutthesoldiersoftheCivilWar.Theyhavetoldofthesoldiers'fearandterror.Theirgreatandheroicacts.Howtheysufferedanddied.Andhowtheysangbeforeandafterbattle.Onesongzmorethananyother,caughtthespiritoftheUnionsoldiersoftheNorth.Thesongisthe"BattleHymnoftheRepublic."Hereisthefirstpartofthesong,sungbyOdetta:(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Thewordsarereligious.Theyarelikeahymn,asongofpraisetoGod.Thisisthestoryofthewomanwhowrotethesong.(MUSIC:"BattleHymnoftheRepublic")VOICETWO:TheplacewasWashington,D.C.Theyearwaseighteensixty-one.Itwasawetwinternight.Therewerethousandsofsoldiersinthecity.Thehospitalswerefull.ThefieldofbattlewasjustacrossthePotomacRiverinthesouthernstateofVirginia.Awomanlayasleepinherhotelroom.Shehadhadalong,hardday.ShehadcometoWashingtontovisittheUniontroops.Thesightandsoundsofthesoldiersgavehernorest.Eveninhersleepsheseemedtohearthem.Sheheardtheirsadvoicesastheysatbesidetheirfires.Sheheardthemsinging.Theysangamarchingsongsheknew.ItwasasongaboutJohnBrown,anactivistagainstslavery.Thesongtoldabouthowhisbodyturnedtoearthinthegrave.Ittoldabouthowhisspiritlivedon.VOICEONE:Thewoman'snamewasJuliaWardHowe.Shewasawriterandsocialreformer.ShewasborninNewYorkCityineighteennineteen.Herfatherwasawealthybanker.JuliamarriedSamuelGridleyHowe.Hewasareformerandteacheroftheblind.JuliaandSamuelHowemovedtoBoston.MissusHoweraisedfivechildren.Andshepublishedseveralbooksofpoetry.VOICETWO:JuliaWardHoweandSamuelGridleyHowewereleadersinthemovementinAmericatoendslavery.Theypublishedananti-slaverynewspapercalledthe"Commonwealth."MissusHowehadmetJohnBrown.Likehim,shewasananti-slaveryactivist.SheopposedthoseAmericanswhousedblackpeopleasslaves.Unlikehim,shedidnotapproveofusingviolencetoendslavery.JohnBrownIneighteenfifty-nine,JohnBrowntriedtostartarevoltofslaves.HeledanattackonHarper'sFerry,atowninwhatwasthenthestateofVirginia.Thetownhadafactorythatmadegunsforthearmy.Italsohadastoragecenterformilitaryequipment.TheattackonHarper'sFerryfailed.JohnBrownwasputontrialfortreason.Hewasfoundguiltyandwasexecuted.VOICEONE:Inthenorthernstates,JohnBrownbecameahero.Hisstorywastoldthroughsong.Thesongwasmostpopularwithsoldiers.ItbecametheunofficialmarchingsongoftheUnionArmy.JuliaWardHowealsolikedtosingthesong.Shefeltthatthemusicwasbeautiful,butthewordsaboutJohnBrownwerenot.Soshedecidedtowritedifferentwordstothemusic.ThosewordscametoherthatnightasshelayinherhotelroominWashington.Shewasawakenedbyherdreamsofmarchingsoldiers.VOICETWO:"Ifoundtomysurprisethatthewordswereformingthemselvesinmyhead.Ilaystilluntilthelastlinehadcompleteditselfinmythoughts.ThenIquicklygotoutofbed.IthoughtIwouldforgetthewordsifIdidnotwritethemimmediately.Ilookedforapieceofpaperandapen.ThenIbegantowritethelinesofapoem:'MineeyeshaveseenthegloryofthecomingoftheLord.Heistramplingoutthevintagewherethegrapesofwratharestored,HehathloosedthefatefullightningofHisterribleswiftsword,Histruthismarchingon.,IwroteuntilIwasfinished.ThenIlaydownagainandfellasleep.Ifeltsomethingimportanthadhappenedtome."VOICEONE:AnAmericanmagazine,"TheAtlanticMonthly/'boughtMissusHowe,spoem.Shewaspaidfourdollars.Themagazinepublishedthepoemineighteensixty-two.Thepoembecameverypopular.Ithadjusttherightwordsforthegreatmarchingmusic.ThesoldiersoftheUnionArmybegantosingthewordsJuliaWardHowehadwritten.Itsoonbecametheirofficialmarchingsong-"TheBattleHymnoftheRepublic."VOICETWO:PresidentAbrahamLincolnJuliaWardHowebecamefamous.ShewasinvitedtotheWhiteHousetomeetPresidentAbrahamLincoln.AfterdinnerattheWhiteHouse,thegueststalkedabouttheCivilWar.Theyweresad.TheUnionarmyhadsufferedmanydefeats.Thensomeonebegantosing"TheBattleHymnoftheRepublic."MissusHoweandPresidentLincolnjoinedinthesinging.ThereweretearsinthePresident'seyes.Hereisthelastpartofthesong,sungbytheMormonTabernacleChoir:(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AftertheNorthwontheCivilWarineighteensixty-fivezJuliaWardHowebecameinvolvedinothersocialreformmovements.She