美国名人科学家亨利卢米斯.docx

美国名人科学家亨利卢米斯HenryLoomisz1919-2008:DirectorofVOAHadtheIdeatoCreateSpecialEnglishplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:19repeatByDanaDemange2008-11-29VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndI'mBobDoughtywithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellabouttheresearchscientistandbroadcastingleaderHenryLoomis.MisterLoomisheldmanyinterestingcommunicationspositionsoverhislongcareer.HeservedasdirectoroftheVoiceofAmericaforsevenyearsstartinginnineteenfifty-eight.MisterLoomisplayedanimportantroleincreatingtheSpecialEnglishservice.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:HenryLoomiswasborninnineteennineteeninTuxedoPark,NewYork.HisfatherwasAlfredLeeLoomis,awealthyNewYorkCitybusinessman.Unlikemanybusinessmenatthetime,AlfredLoomisprotectedhiswealthduringthefinancialcrashofnineteentwenty-nine.Helaterwithdrewfromtheworldofbusinessinordertospendmoretimeworkingasascientist.HenryLoomisandhisbrothersLeeandFarneygrewupspendingtimeintheprivatelaboratorytheirfatherbuilt.ThisscientificbackgroundandthepeoplewhoworkedwithhisfatherwouldhaveabiginfluenceonHenry'slife.AlfredLoomistaughttraditionalvaluestohissonsandstressedtheimportanceofeducationandhardwork.VOICETWO:AlfredLoomisinvitedthetopscientistsintheworldtohisLoomisLaboratory,includingAlbertEinstein,EnricoFermiandNielsBohr.AlfredLoomisandmembersofhislabteammadeimportantdiscoveriesandinventions.Theystudiedmanysubjects,includingthemeasurementoftime,orchronometry,andelectroencephalography,orthemeasurementofelectricalactivityproducedbythebrain.HenryLoomiseventookpartinhisfather'sexperimentsonmeasuringbrainactivity.VOICEONE:Inaninterviewsixyearsago,HenryLoomisrememberedanexperimenthetookpartinwhenhewasaboutseventeenyearsold.Henrysleptinasound-proofroomwithelectrodedevicesattachedtohishead.AlfredLoomiswasnearbywithamicrophonedevice.HetoldhissoninasoftvoicethatHenry'sfavoriteobject,hisboat,wasonfire.HenryLoomisjumpedoutofbedtosavetheboat.ThisexperimentandothershelpedAlfredLoomisshowhowemotionalupsetcouldchangehumanbrainwaves.AlfredLoomislaterhelpedopentheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology'sRadiationLaboratory.HisworkhelpingtodevelopthenewtechnologyofradarwouldbeusedbytheUnitedStatesandBritaintodefeatGermanyduringWorldWarTwo.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:HenryStimsonwasrelatedtotheLoomisfamily.Hewasalsoanadvisorandclosefriend.Amongotherpositions,MisterStimsonhadservedassecretaryofstateunderPresidentHerbertHoover.HetoldHenryLoomisthatheandhisbrotherswereveryluckyinlifeandthattheyshouldservetheircountryasawaytogivethanks.HenryLoomistookthesewordsveryseriously.VOICEONE:Innineteenforty,HenryLoomisdroppedoutofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,MassachusettstojointheUnitedStatesNavy.Hewasabletoputtogoodusehisknowledgeofradartechnologythathehadlearnedaboutbecauseofhisfather'swork.Aftergraduatingatthetopinhisnavaltrainingclass,HenryLoomisbecameateacherattheNavy'sradartrainingschoolinHawaii.InDecemberofnineteenforty-one,JapanbombedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor,Hawaii.ThiseventmarkedtheUnitedStates'officialentryinWorldWarTwo.VOICETWO:Bytheendofthewar,HenryLoomishadreceivedmanyhonorsforhisservice,includingaBronzeStarandanAirMedal.HeIe代theNavyinnineteenforty-sixtobegingraduatestudies.Thatyear;hemarriedhisfirstwife,MaryPaulMacLeod.MisterLoomisstudiedphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.HeworkedasanassistanttoErnestLawrence,thedirectoroftheuniversity'sradiationlaboratory.MisterLawrencehadwontheNobelPrizeinnineteenthirty-nineforhisworkinnuclearphysics.HenryLoomisVOICEONE:HenryLoomislatermovedtoWashington,D.C.tobeginanotherstageofhiscareerinpublicservice.HeheldpositionsintheDepartmentofDefenseandotheragencies.MisterLoomisalsodirectedtheOfficeofIntelligenceandResearchattheUnitedStatesInformationAgency.Innineteenfifty-eight,hebecamedirectoroftheVoiceofAmericaunderPresidentDwightD.Eisenhower.VOICETWO:Duringhistravelsaroundtheworld,MisterLoomissawthatEnglishwasbecominganimportantinternationallanguage.HebelievedthatitwasimportanttomakeEnglisheasiertounderstandbylistenersofVOAbroadcastswhosenativelanguagewasnotEnglish.SoMisterLoomisaskedVOAprogrammanagerBarryZorthiantodevelopawaytobroadcasttolistenerswithalimitedknowledgeofEnglish.VOICEONE:TheresultofthiseffortwasSpecialEnglish.ThefirstVoiceofAmericabroadcastinSpecialEnglishtookplaceonOctobernineteenth,nineteenfifty-nine.CriticsatthetimesaidtheSpecialEnglishmethodofbroadcastingataslowerratewithalimitedvocabularywouldneverwork.Americanembassiesdemandedthattheprogrambecancelled.ButMisterLoomissupportedtheprogram.Soon,VOAbegantoreceivehundredsoflettersfromlistenerspraisingtheprogram.SpecialEnglishprogramsbecamesomeofthemostpopularonVOA.Wearepleasedtosaythatourprogramsstillare.AnearlyVOAnewsroomVOICETWO:HenryLoomismadeotherimportantimprovementsatVOA.HeexpandedVOA'sbroadcastingabilitybysettinguptransmitterdevicesincountriesincludingLiberiaandthePhilippines.HealsodecidedthatVOAneededacharterdocumenttomakeitsgoalsandrulesclear.SuchacharterwouldalsoofficiallystateVOA'sindependencefromothergovernmentprograms.Thecharterstatesthat