热点03科学新知及自然世界（阅读理解之首字母填空题）（原题版）.docx

热点03科学新知及自然世界阅读理解之首字母填空题命题趋势中考英语首字母填空题命题主要考查学生根据特定的语境和所给提示的首字母写出正确的单词的能备考策略力,集理解、语言知识和单词拼写等要求于一体,要求学生在理解语言意义的基础上,关注语言形式。话题涉及人文历史、健康生活、社会生活等。首字母填空的语料是大多以叙事为主，旅行、吃饭、人际关系、个人经历等这类主题，贴近学生生活，易于理解。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。近十年上海中考首字母填空所选词，请见下表：上海近十年首字母填空所选词abroadearthhungryphotoscrt(s)agrasiyimpossiblephotographsAnotherelseincludedPhysicalseldomanythingnvironmentinformationpictureseriousboatEveryoneInsteadplanspecialbuyexpensiveinvitedP11()stepchangefamousjoypoorstillcheapfeelkitchenprefersubjectschildrenfewlivprovesuddenlycomfortablefirstluckyqutterriblecomplainedf0r9etmeaningrealizetopcompletelyfullmonyreasontripcyclinghardlymoverepairvanousdiedholidayneedr<suh(s)Visitingdrinkhonftoftenridinc工3生父级如artyhouseworkovrsafe重难诠释解题能力掌握首字母填空的解题方法，熟悉不同的文体特征，了解首字母填空的命题思路，以不变应万变语言能力熟悉考纲高频词和常见的短语搭配，扩大词汇量，巩固语法知识，提升综合运用词汇和语法的能力阅读能力做题的同时，增加阅读量和阅读速度，提高快速理解文本的能力文化素养通过阅读，进一步了解英美文化和历史，提升文化素养，开拓国际视野【应试技巧】Ol速读全文，定词性读全文:首字母答题的第一步，也是很多学生忽略的一步就是速读全文。了解文章基本大意和作者的写作意图，同时在阅读的过程中把每个空的词性判断出来，然后进入下一步。02寻找线索，定词义划重点首字母填空每题一定有解题线索！要不是你没找到，要不然是出卷入水平不行。很明显,前者概率更大。关注到表达逻辑关系的词汇，亳不夸张地说“得逻辑关系词者，得首字母的天下逻辑关系词的重要性不言而喻。转折逻辑：but,however,instead,举例逻辑：forexample,suchas,like,including.因果逻辑：because,sothat,so,asareasult,that'swhy,inorderto,to指代逻辑：this,that,these,it.03全文复查，定词形定词形,这步较为通俗易懂，即学生首次完成后，要再通读下文章，确认所填词的词形是否有误。典型的错误有如下几点：名词单复数；形容词副词的前后缀、比较级与最高级；动词时态、动名词，todo不定式等。重难通关练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：Storingdata（数据）hasbecomemoreconvenient.Thirtyyearsago,peoplehadtodependonfloppydisks（软磁盘）.N,allwehavetodoishittheuSave,'buttononourscreens.Thefileswillthenbestoredinthe“cloud."Itseemsthatwewillneverrunoutofspace.Isn,tthatgreat?Infact,however,thestoragespacewenowhaveisnotc2enough.Everyday,4.5billioninternetuserscreateaLARGEamountofdata.By2025,theamountofdataworldwidewillhaver3175zettabytes（1ZB=1012GB）.Clearly,wecan,tcovereverypieceoflandontheplanetwithdatacenters.Sowherecanwestoreallofthisdata?Fortunately,someresearchershavebeenworkingonnewstoragetechnologies.OneofthesetechnologiesisDNAstorage.DNAstoragesoundsfuturist,butinsomeways,it,sjusttheopposite.B4computerswereinvented,naturehadbeenusingDNAtostoreinformation.In2012,researchersatHarvardUniversitywroteabook,11picturesandacomputerprogramintohumanDNA.EachgramofDNAcanhold2.2petabytes（PB.ofinformation（1ZB=1,048,576PB.IfDNAiskeptintherightcondition,itcankeepthestoredinformations5foramillionyears.Therearestillp6withusingDNAfordatastorage.Forexample,ittakeslotsoftimetowriteintoandreadfromDNA.Scientistsaretryingtoi7thistechnology.Wewillhavetowaittoseehowtheireffortspayoffinthefuture.二、FininthebIankSWithProPerWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）WhatisTechnology?Technologyistheapplication（应用）ofknowledgetoproduction.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecanenjoytheconvenienceoflife.Wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseofm8technology.FormostofusinAmerica,technologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffooda9tousbymeansofgoodfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespan（寿命）.Soitraisesaquestion.Willhumanbeingscontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitw10Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.TheimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearchanddIlandthelateststatistics（统计）showthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtospendbillionsofdollarseveryyearonsuche12Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarceresources,wemayfindtechnologicalsubstitutes（代用品）formanyofthemthroughourresearchprogrammes.Actually,whenweneednewskillsontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.PeoplewillworktogethertodesignnewproductstoS13somedifficultproblems.Whenequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbei14inresponsetoit.三、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:MaryAnning:TheFossilHunterAsafossil（化石）scientist,MaryAnning（17001847）madegreatcontributions（ii）toherfieldin（he19thcentury.HernameisnowwidelyknowninBritainandevenEurope.Butthatwasnotalwaysthecase.Anningwasatalentedwoman.ShewasborninapoorfamilyinLymeRegis,Britain.Shedidnotreceiveanypropereducationandhadtoteachh15geology（地质学）andpaleontology（古生物学）.Anninggrewupbythesea.Atayoungage,sheshowedgreatinterestinstudyingthefossilsalongthecoastline.Anningworkedveryhard.Shewentoutinallweatherstosearchforfossils.Attheageof12,sheuncoveredaskeletonthatlkedlikeacrocodile.Then,aftertenyearsoftirelesse16shemadeanamazingdiscovery.Itwasahugefossilofsomethingthattheworldhadneverseenbefore.However,manyofAnning,sfindingsd17withthewidelyacceptedtheories（理论）atthattime.Somostofthescientistsdidn'tbelieveorrecognizethevalueo